基于One Health理念对东莞市小微企业职业环境与健康现状调查  

Investigation on occupational environment and health status of small and microenterprises in Dongguan City based on One Health concept

作　　者：莫桂芳 钟新光 马争[1] 陈惠鹏[1] 钟权锦 张曼宇 MO Gui-fang;ZHONG Xin-guang;MA Zheng;CHEN Hui-peng;ZHONG Quan-jin;ZHANG Man-yu(Occupational Health Division,Sixth People's Hospital of Dongguan City(Dongguan City Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Center),Dongguan Guangdong,523008,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞市第六人民医院(东莞市职业病防治中心)职业卫生科,广东东莞523008

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第22期3045-3049,3053,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：东莞市社会科技发展(一般)项目(202050715005667)。

摘　　要：目的了解东莞市小微企业职业环境与健康现状,为小微企业职业环境与健康方面的防控提供依据。方法采用量化评分法、德尔菲法、结合One Health理念对选取的东莞市500家小微企业进行评分、分析,按照职业环境与健康情况分组,确定其职业环境与健康等级。结果基于One Health理念下的德尔菲法职业环境与健康量化评分一级指标权重预防因素为0.362,医疗因素为0.229,工伤、医疗保障因素为0.235,行业风险、升级改造因素为0.174。54个调查指标得分比值>60.0%的仅有20个,占37.04%,东莞市小微企业职业环境与健康总体管理水平不合格。500家调查企业的职业卫生管理质量S值为(590.9±65.0)分,其中小型和微型企业的S值分别为(594.0±72.6)和(588.2±56.2)分,小型与微型企业职业环境与健康方面的差异无统计学意义(t=1.012,P>0.05)。结论东莞市小微企业职业环境和健康状况尚需改善,应从预防因素、医疗因素、工伤、医疗保障因素、行业风险、升级改造因素等多方面对小微型企业形成联防联控,多学科、跨领域综合监管。Objective To understand the occupational environment and health status of small and micro enterprises in Dongguan City,provide a basis for prevention and control of the occupational environment and health of small and micro enterprises.Methods Combining with One Health concept,the quantitative scoring method and Delphi method were used to score and analyze 500 small and micro enterprises in Dongguan City,and the enterprises were grouped according to occupational environment and health status,to determine their occupational environment and health level.Results Based on the concept of One Health,the Delphi method occupational environment and health quantitative score first-level index weights were preventive factors are 0.362,medical factors are 0.229,work-related injuries and medical security factorsare 0.235,and industry risks and upgrading factors are 0.174.Among 54 survey indicators,only 20 indicators had the score ratio>60.0%,accounting for 37.04%.The overall management level of the occupational environment and health of small and micro enterprises in Dongguan City was unqualified.The average S value of occupational health management quality of the 500 surveyed enterprises was(590.9±65.0)points,of which the S value of small enterprises was(594.0±72.6)and(588.2±56.2)points,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference in occupational environment and health between small and micro enterprises(t=1.012,P>0.05).Conclusion The occupational environment and health status of small and microenterprises in Dongguan City need to be improved,and it is necessary to form a joint prevention and control and carry out multi-disciplinary and cross field comprehensive supervision in small and microenterprises from preventive factors,medical factors,industrial injuries,medical security factors,industry risks,upgrading and transformation factors.

关 键 词：职业环境与健康 One Health理念 量化评分 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]