我国4个城市的社区老年人老化期望现状及影响因素  

A study onstatus and influencing factors of aging expectation among community elderly in four cities of China

作　　者：陈可怡 陈玲[1] 何杰[1] 王欣雨 王冬华[1] CHEN Ke-yi;CHEN Ling;HE Jie;WANG Xin-yu;WANG Dong-hua(College of Nursing,Changsha Medical University,Changsha Hunan,410219,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙医学院护理学院,湖南长沙410219

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第22期3114-3119,共6页Occupation and Health

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(教高司函【2021】13号-s202110823015);2020年湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(20A058)。

摘　　要：目的调查社区老年人老化期望现状,探讨自我感知老化、社会融合度及精神幸福感对社区老年人老化期望的作用。方法2021年8—9月,采用便利抽样法选用一般资料问卷、老化期望量表、简版自我感知老化量表、社会融合度量表及精神幸福感指数量表对天津市、长沙市、衡阳市、汨罗市的385名社区老年人进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果385名社区老年人老化期望总得分为(27.28±3.44)分,条目均分为(2.27±0.29)分。老化期望得分与自我感知老化得分、社会融合度得分均呈负相关(r=-0.527、-0.115,均P<0.05),与精神幸福感得分呈正相关(r=0.494,P<0.01)。多元回归分析显示,患慢性病种类的数量、近半年健康状况、目前有无兼职工作、自我感知老化、社会融合度及精神幸福感均是老化期望的影响因素(均P<0.05),解释了老化期望总变异的39.3%。结论社区老年人老化期望处于中等水平,影响因素较多,应采取相关措施提升老化期望水平,以促进积极老龄化。Objective To investigate the current situation of aging expectation of the elderly in the community,explore the effects of self-perceived aging,social integration and spiritual well-being on the aging expectations of the elderly in the community.Methods From August to September 2021,the convenience sampling method was used to investigate 385 community elderly people from Tianjin City,Changsha City,Hengyang City and Miluo City using the general information questionnaire,the expectations regarding aging-12,the brief ageing perceptions questionnaire,the social cohesion scale and the spirituality index of well-being.Results The total score of aging expectation among 385 community elderly people was(27.28±3.44)points,and the average score of items was(2.27±0.29)points.The aging expectation score was negatively correlated with self-perceived aging score and social integration score(r=-0.527,-0.115,both P<0.05),positively correlated with spiritual well-being score(r=0.494,P<0.01).The multiple regression analysis showed that the number of chronic diseases,health status in the last six months,current part-time job,self-perception of aging,social integration and spiritual well-being were all influential factors of aging expectations(all P<0.05),which explained 39.3%of the total variation of aging expectation.Conclusion The aging expectation of the elderly in the community is at the medium level,with various influencing factors,so relevant measures should be taken to improve the aging expectations level and promote active aging.

关 键 词：老化期望 自我感知老化 社会融合度 精神幸福感 

分 类 号：R181.37[医药卫生—流行病学]