切花菊营养与肥料高效利用技术研究进展  

Nutrition and Fertilizer Efficient Utilization Technology of Cut Chrysanthemum:Research Progress

作　　者：杨可鑫 赵鑫[1,2] 葛红[1,2] 杨树华[1] 贾瑞冬[1] 寇亚平[1] YANG Kexin;ZHAO Xin;GE Hong;YANG Shuhua;JIA Ruidong;KOU Yaping(Institute of Vegetables and Flower Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya,Hainan 572024)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081 [2]三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院,海南三亚572024

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第34期52-58,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目“花卉优质高效品种筛选及配套栽培技术”(2019YFD1001500);海南省重点研发计划任务书“海南省优质高抗切花菊品种选育与示范”(ZDYF2021DNY129);农业农村部花卉生物学与种质创新重点实验室(北方)。

摘　　要：为解决切花菊设施栽培中施肥过量导致可吸收利用的养分较少且品质不佳的问题,综述切花菊的需肥规律、营养调控研究进展,以及大量营养元素、微量元素、提高化肥利用效率的技术对切花菊生长发育的影响。总结出不同切花菊品种在同一生育期或同一器官的养分需求规律相同,但是针对不同栽培基质、土壤或环境,最适需肥配比、需肥量需要调整。按需施肥和配套技术对于改善土壤结构和切花菊品质有重要作用。笔者认为需将科研与生产紧密结合,深入研究养分高效吸收利用的机理及技术;加快形成适用于不同区域的标准施肥体系,以推进切花菊生产向专业化、规模化和集约化发展。The paper aims to solve the problems of less available nutrients and poor quality caused by excessive fertilization in facility cultivation of cut chrysanthemum.We summarized the research progress of cut chrysanthemum’s fertilizer uptake and nutritional regulation,and the effects of macronutrients,micronutrients and technology to improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency on the growth and development of cut chrysanthemum.It is concluded that the nutrient requirements of different cut chrysanthemum varieties share similar patterns in the same growth period or organ,but the optimal fertilizer ratio and application amount need to be adjusted according to different cultivation substrates,soil or environments.Fertilization on demand and supporting techniques play an important role in improving soil structure and quality of cut chrysanthemum.It is considered that scientific research and production should be closely combined to make a profound study on the mechanism and technology of efficient absorption and utilization of nutrients,and speed up the establishment of a standard fertilization system suitable for local requirement,so as to promote the specialized,large-scale and intensive development of cut chrysanthemum production.

关 键 词：切花菊 需肥规律 大量元素 微量元素 化肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]