不同改良剂对新疆盐碱土壤改良及棉花生长的影响  

Effects of Different Amendments on Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Cotton Growth in Xinjiang

作　　者：周先林 覃琴 孟永明[2] 王龙 胡成成[1] 朱海勇 赖波 ZHOU Xianlin;QIN Qin;MENG Yongming;WANG Long;HU Chengcheng;ZHU Haiyong;LAI Bo(Western Agricultural Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji,Xinjiang 831100;Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Anyang,Henan 455000;Xinjiang Fine Varieties Breeding Base in Hainan,Urumqi 830000)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉831100 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳455000 [3]新疆海南良种繁育基地,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第34期91-96,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项院级统筹任务“北疆盐碱棉田水盐协同调控技术研究”;新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才计划“棉花绿色高产高效栽培技术应用研究”;昌吉州科技人才专项计划庭州创新团队“水土资源高效利用研究创新团队”(2021CT11)。

摘　　要：针对新疆干旱区盐碱土的特点,探究该区域改良盐碱土壤的最适改良剂产品。通过采用田间小区试验的方法,设计对照组(CK)、盐碱专家(Y)、磷酸脲(L)及微力壮(W)4个处理,分析不同改良剂对中度盐碱地表层20 cm土壤盐分、pH、总碱度、钠吸附比(SAR)及棉花苗期生长和产量的影响。结果表明,各改良剂均能降低土壤盐分含量和pH,促进棉花苗期生长,提高棉花产量。其中,Y处理和L处理的抑盐效果较好,盐分相对升高率分别较CK处理降低107.73%和101.67%;与CK处理相比,Y处理土壤pH显著降低了0.15个单位,并显著促进棉花苗期生长和提高棉花产量,增产5.84%;Y处理和W处理降低土壤总碱度的效果最好,分别比CK处理显著降低了0.46和0.41个单位,但降低SAR的效果无显著性差异。综合各改良剂对土壤理化性质和棉花产量的影响,盐碱专家是该试验区较适宜的盐碱土壤改良剂。Focusing on the characteristics of saline-alkali soil in the arid area of Xinjiang,the most appropriate soil amendment for saline-alkali soil improvement was screened.We carried out field plot experiments,designed four treatments,including control group(CK),Yanjianzhuanjia(Y),urea phosphate(L)and Weilizhuang(W),and analyzed the effects of soil amendments on the salinity,pH,total alkalinity,and sodium adsorption ratio(SAR)in 20 cm surface layer of medium saline-alkali soil and cotton seedling growth and yield.The results showed that all amendments reduced soil salt content and pH,promoted cotton seedling growth and improved cotton yield.Compared with CK,Y treatment and L treatment had better effects of restraining salt,and reduced the relative salinity increase rate by 107.73%and 101.67%,respectively;Y treatment significantly decreased soil pH by 0.15 units,and significantly promoted cotton seedling growth and increased cotton yield by 5.84%;Y treatment and W treatment had the best effects on reducing total alkalinity of soil,with an significant decrease by 0.46 and 0.41 units,respectively,but their reducing effects on SAR were not obviously different from CK.In conclusion,according to the effects of all amendments on soil physical and chemical properties and cotton yield,Yanjianzhuanjia is recommended as the most suitable saline-alkali soil amendment for the test area.

关 键 词：盐碱地 土壤改良剂 棉花 产量 植株生长 

分 类 号：S156.49[农业科学—土壤学]