土壤氮矿化相关机理的研究进展  

The Mechanism of Soil Nitrogen Mineralization: Research Progress

作　　者：徐翎清 李佳佳 常晓 张云龙[1,2] 刘大丽[1,2] XU Lingqing;LI Jiajia;CHANG Xiao;ZHANG Yunlong;LIU Dali(National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank/Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080;Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding/College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080)

机构地区：[1]国家甜菜种质中期库/黑龙江大学,哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江省普通高等学校甜菜遗传育种重点实验室/黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第34期97-101,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：农业农村部“甜菜种质资源安全保存”(19221878);国家糖料产业技术体系项目“甜菜种质资源鉴定与新种质创制”(CARS-170102);黑龙江省普通本科高等学校青年人才创新培养计划“甜菜抗旱遗传资源评价及优异基因挖掘”(UNPYSCT-202001);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目“BvHIPP24基因在能源甜菜重金属镉污染生物修复中的分子机制研究”(LH2019C057)。

摘　　要：无机氮是作物吸收利用氮的重要来源,土壤有机氮矿化能力的强弱决定着土壤对作物的供氮能力。土壤有机氮矿化主要由土壤微生物驱动,是在微生物作用下将有机氮分解成氨态氮和硝态氮的过程。有机氮矿化速率的变化主要归因于环境因素变化后土壤微生物的变化,研究土壤氮矿化对土壤氮循环和土壤供氮能力有着重要意义。文章综述了土壤氮矿化过程中微生物的作用机理,探讨了在不同环境因素下微生物的变化对土壤氮矿化速率的影响,以及植物—土壤—微生物的互作机制。研究可为探索土壤氮矿化过程和改善土壤供氮能力提供理论参考。Inorganic nitrogen is an important source of nitrogen for crops to absorb and utilize.The mineralization capacity of soil organic nitrogen determines the soil capacity of providing nitrogen to crops.The mineralization of soil organic nitrogen is mainly driven by soil microorganisms.It is the process of decomposing organic nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen under the action of microorganisms.The change of the mineralization rate of organic nitrogen is mainly attributed to the change of soil microorganisms after the change of environmental factors.The study of soil nitrogen mineralization is of great significance to soil nitrogen cycle and soil nitrogen supply capacity.This paper reviewed the mechanism of microbial action in the process of soil nitrogen mineralization,and discussed the effects of microbial changes on soil nitrogen mineralization rate under different environmental factors,as well as the interaction mechanism of plant-soilmicrobes.The study can provide theoretical reference for exploring the soil nitrogen mineralization process and improving soil nitrogen supply capacity.

关 键 词：土壤有机氮矿化 氨化反应 硝化反应 土壤微生物 根系分泌物 

分 类 号：S566.3[农业科学—作物学]