2种叶面肥对黄瓜-蓟马的影响  

Effects of Two Types of Foliar Fertilizers on Cucumber-Thrips

作　　者：韩亚静 王欣宇 历佳月 黄群义 王瀚婷 叶乐夫[2] 付雪[1,2] HAN Yajing;WANG Xinyu;LI Jiayue;HUANG Qunyi;WANG Hanting;YE Lefu;FU Xue(College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080;College of Agronomy,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨150080 [2]东北农业大学农学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第34期113-119,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费基础研究项目“北方寒地异色瓢虫辅助越冬增强早春控害功能的研究”(KJCX201820);黑龙江大学大学生创新创业科研项目“自制酵素对桃蚜防效的研究”(YJSCX2021-222HLJU)。

摘　　要：为评价生物制剂对植物及植食性昆虫的综合影响,以黄瓜植株及蓟马为生物材料,检测它们对自制酵素、木醋液及混合液的响应,包括黄瓜的生长、生理指标,叶片抗逆酶活性水平及蓟马发育、种群数量动态。研究发现:(1)酵素显著缩短蓟马发育历期;混合液显著延缓蓟马发育,抑制其种群。(2)酵素显著加快有虫黄瓜植株地上部分生物量增长,降低黄瓜叶片可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量;酵素处理的带虫黄瓜叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)活性均升高。由此可见,酵素及木醋液对黄瓜植株和蓟马均可产生一定的影响。混合使用可有效抑制蓟马害虫。多次酵素使用则能产生较高的综合效益,既促进黄瓜生长,又增加植物“免疫力”。To evaluate the comprehensive effects of biological agents on plants and herbivorous insects,the responses of cucumber plants and thrips to self-made fermented bio-extract,wood vinegar and the mixed solution were measured,including the growth and physiological indexes of cucumber,the activity levels of antistress enzymes in cucumber leaves,and the development and population dynamics of thrips.The results showed that:(1)fermented bio-extract significantly shortened the development duration of thrips;the mixed solution significantly delayed the development of thrips and inhibited their population;(2)fermented bioextract significantly accelerated the increase of the aboveground biomass of cucumber plants,and decreased the content of soluble protein and chlorophyll in cucumber leaves;and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione-S transferase(GST)in cucumber leaves infected with insects.In conclusion,both fermented bio-extract and wood vinegar have certain effects on cucumber plants and thrips.The mixed solution can effectively inhibit thrips.Multiple use of fermented bio-extract can produce higher comprehensive benefits,not only promote cucumber growth,but also increase plant‘immunity’.

关 键 词：蓟马 黄瓜 自制酵素 木醋液 抗逆酶 

分 类 号：S436.421.29[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S642.2[农业科学—植物保护]