水稻植株对稻田甲烷排放的影响及其生物学机理研究进展  

Effect of Rice Plants on Methane Emission from Paddy Fields and Its Biological Mechanism:A Review

作　　者：任孝俭 彭雨瑄 韩凯艳 邓志明 崔克辉[1] REN Xiaojian;PENG Yuxuan;HAN Kaiyan;DENG Zhiming;CUI Kehui(National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Key Laboratory of Corp Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science&Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070)

机构地区：[1]作物遗传改良全国重点实验室/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第36期80-87,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“水稻根系同化物分配和根系特征与稻田甲烷排放的关系及水氮调控”(32172105)。

摘　　要：稻田是主要的农业甲烷排放源之一,对全球温室气体排放有着重要影响。稻田甲烷排放包括土壤产甲烷菌的产甲烷过程、好氧甲烷氧化菌的氧化甲烷过程及甲烷通过水稻植株体、土壤溶液中冒气泡及分子扩散三种运输途径的排放过程,水稻植株地上部和根系影响着稻田甲烷排放。本文简要介绍了稻田甲烷的产生、氧化和运输排放过程,综述了水稻根系特征(形态、通气组织、分泌物、根系泌氧)、地上部特征(株高、分蘖数、生物量和同化物分配)、水肥管理措施对稻田甲烷排放的影响及内在机理。本文也讨论了今后稻田甲烷排放的主要研究方向,并认为高产与减排的协同应是一个重要切入点。Paddy fields are one of the main sources of agricultural methane emissions and have important impacts on global greenhouse gas emissions.Methane emission from paddy fields includes three processes:the methane production by soil methanogens,the methane oxidation by aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria,and the methane emission through the three approaches(rice plants,bubbling and diffusion in soil solution).Both the aboveground parts and root systems of rice plants affect the methane emission in paddy fields.This paper briefly introduced the production,oxidation and transport of methane from paddy fields,and summarized effects of the root characteristics(morphological characteristic,root aerenchyma,root exudates and oxygen secretion),the characteristics of aboveground parts(plant height,tiller number,biomass and assimilates’distribution)and the water and fertilizer management on the methane emission from paddy fields,and the underlying mechanisms were also reviewed.The main future research area of paddy methane emission was discussed,and attention should be paid to the coordination of high grain yield and low methane emission.

关 键 词：稻田 甲烷排放 根系分泌物 同化物分配 通气组织 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]