猪粪及其生物堆肥对小麦幼苗生长和土壤细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of swine manure and its vermicompost on the wheat seedling growth and soil bacterial community structure

作　　者：邹文萱 罗慧 赵境怡 岳中辉[3] 刘四义 梁爱珍 王新军[5] 束长龙[6] 韩丽丽[1,2] 沈菊培 ZOU Wenxuan;LUO Hui;ZHAO Jingyi;YUE Zhonghui;LIU Siyi;LIANG Aizhen;WANG Xinjun;SHU Changlong;HAN Lili;SHEN Jupei(Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150525,China;Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,哈尔滨150525 [4]中国科学院黑土区农业生态重点实验室,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102 [5]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029 [6]植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [7]福建师范大学地理科学学院,福州350007

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2023年第1期36-44,共9页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：科技部政府间合作项目(2017YFE0109800);国家自然科学基金项目(32171642,32070511);哈尔滨师范大学硕士研究生创新科研项目(HSDSSCX2021-06)。

摘　　要：生物堆肥是养殖废弃物资源化利用的有效途径,对畜禽粪肥无害化处理具有重要意义。本研究利用小麦盆栽试验,通过分析施用猪粪及其生物堆肥产物后小麦幼苗生理特性(栽培60 d),并结合16S rRNA高通量测序技术探究施用猪粪及其堆肥产物对土壤细菌群落结构的影响。试验按等氮量供肥方式设置3个处理:对照(CK,不添加氮肥)、虫粪(LF,200 mg·kg^(-1)施氮量,经白星花金龟幼虫生物堆肥后的虫粪)和猪粪(SM,200 mg·kg^(-1)施氮量)。结果表明:氮肥处理LF和SM的土壤总碳(TC)、总氮(TN)、可溶性碳氮(DOC和DON)、铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)和作物生理指标(苗干质量和叶绿素SPAD)均显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),而LF和SM两者之间无显著差异。LF和SM处理土壤细菌α多样性与CK处理无显著差异,但SM处理细菌群落结构与CK和LF处理差异显著。LF和SM处理中放线菌门相对丰度比对照分别提高了2.85、1.11个百分点,而两处理中绿弯菌门的相对丰度比CK处理分别降低了1.63、1.58个百分点。基于Bray-Curtis距离算法对细菌ZOTU进行PCoA主成分分析发现,第一和第二排序轴分别解释了总变异的12.2%和11.4%。冗余分析表明,NO_(3)^(-)-N、DOC、DON、TC、TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N是影响土壤细菌群落结构的主要环境因子。综上,生物堆肥处理可以通过改变土壤养分含量来促进作物生长,本研究为畜禽粪便资源化及其在农业生产中的应用提供重要参考。Vermicomposting of manure is an alternative method for processing organic waste,which plays an important role in waste recycling.In this study,the effect of swine manure and its vermicomposting on wheat growth and soil bacterial communities were investigated using a high-throughput sequencing technique based on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in pot experiments.Three treatments,according to the applied amount of nitrogen(N),were set up as follows:control treatment(CK,no N addition),LF(larval frass vermicompost through Protaetia brevitarsis larvae,200 mg·kg^(-1),calculated in N),and SM(swine manure,200 mg·kg^(-1),calculated in N).The results showed that soil properties,including total organic carbon(TC)and total nitrogen(TN),dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen(DOC and DON),NH_(4)^(+)-N,and NO_(3)^(-)-N in the SM and LF treatments were significantly higher than that in the CK treatment(P<0.05),whereas no significant difference was found between LF and SM treatments.Wheat seedling growth characteristics,including seedling dry mass and SPAD values,showed similar patterns to the soil properties.Bacterialα-diversity showed no significant difference across all treatments(P<0.05),while the bacterial community structure in the SM treatment was clearly distinguishable from the others.The relative abundance of Actinobacteria in LF and SM increased by 2.85 and 1.11 percentage points compared with that in the CK,respectively,while the Chloroflexi decreased by 1.63 and 1.58 percentage points,respectively.PCoA results explained 12.2%and 11.4%variation for the first and second axes,respectively,based on the Bray-Curtis matrix of the relative abundance of bacterial ZOTUs.Redundancy analysis showed that NO_(3)^(-)-N,DOC,DON,TN,TC,and NH_(4)^(+)-N content were the main factors affecting the bacterial community structure in soil.In summary,vermicomposting can improve crop growth by altering soil nutrients,providing important information for managing organic waste and assessing its application in agricultural ecosystems.

关 键 词：白星花金龟幼虫 虫粪 生物堆肥 细菌多样性 小麦苗期 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S154.3