基于累积风险评价与多目标优化分配的区域水污染物总量控制  

Regional total water pollutant control based on cumulative risk assessment and multi-objective optimal waste load allocation

作　　者：闵雪峰 俞阳 赵锐 刘佳宁[1] MIN Xuefeng;YU Yang;ZHAO Rui;LIU Jianing(Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China;State-Province Joint Engineering Research Lab in Spatial Information Technology for High Speed Railway Operation Safety,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院,成都611756 [2]西南交通大学高速铁路运营安全空间信息技术国家地方联合共建工程实验室,成都611756

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2023年第1期218-228,共11页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42101315,41571520);四川省自然科学基金项目(2022NSFSC1012);四川循环经济研究中心课题(XHJJ-2002;XHJJ-2005);成都市软科学研究项目(2020-RK00-00240-ZF,2020-RK00-00246-ZF);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2682021CX069,2682021ZTPY088);中国工程院咨询研究项目(Q113520S02003)。

摘　　要：水环境污染已成为制约我国城乡发展的关键因素之一,然而高风险优先管控区识别及水污染物总量控制方案制定尚缺乏系统性研究。本研究融入居民、政府、企业三方利益主体风险防范潜力指标,构建基于“压力-状态-响应”系统的控制单元水环境风险综合评价体系,识别各控制单元风险管控等级;在此基础上,构建区域水污染负荷多目标分配模型,对四川洪雅县的氨氮(NH3-N)总量进行分配。结果表明:研究区内青衣江下游洪川镇和余坪镇为高风险管控单元,其中洪川镇主要受工业废水排放影响,余坪镇受规模化畜禽养殖和工业废水排放共同影响;根据综合最优分配方案,洪川镇和余坪镇NH3-N的削减率分别为19.7%和18.9%,洪雅县NH3-N总削减率为16.3%。本研究在实现各控制单元公平、高效削减水污染物的同时,获得了较高的区域总削减率,可为区域水环境管理策略制定提供科学参考。Environmental water pollution has become one of the key factors that constrain the development of urban and rural areas in China. However, the identification of high-risk priority control regions and the development of control schemes for the total amount of water pollutants still lack systematic studies. In this study, the risk prevention potential index of residents, the government, and enterprises was incorporated to construct a comprehensive water environmental risk evaluation system based on the“pressure-state-response”and to identify the risk control levels of each control unit. On this basis, a multi-objective waste load allocation model was constructed, and a water pollutant load(NH3-N)distribution scheme was constructed in Hongya County, Sichuan Province, China. The results showed that Hongchuan Town and Yuping Town, located in the lower reaches of the Qingyi River, were high-risk control units. Hongchuan Town was significantly affected by industrial wastewater discharge, while Yuping Town was jointly affected by large-scale livestock and poultry breeding, as well as industrial wastewater discharge. According to the comprehensive optimal distribution scheme, the reduction rates of ammonia nitrogen in Hongchuan Town and Yuping Town were 19.7% and 18.9%, respectively, while the total reduction rate in Hongya County was 16.3%. This study not only achieves fair and efficient reduction of water pollutants in each control unit, but also obtains a higher regional total reduction rate, which can provide a scientific reference for regional water environment management strategy formulation.

关 键 词：水环境 累积风险 控制单元 污染负荷分配 公平性 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]