多级孔碳纳米棒的制备及其电化学性能  

Preparation and electrochemical properties of hierarchically porous carbon nanorods

作　　者：高腾珈 杨扬 许建雄[1] 李娜[1] GAO Tengjia;YANG Yang;XU Jianxiong;LI Na(School of Materials and Advanced Manufacturing,Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou 412007,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工业大学材料与先进制造学院,湖南株洲412007

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第12期4666-4677,共12页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174247);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2021JJ30212);湖南工业大学研究生创新计划项目(CX2209)。

摘　　要：采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/阴离子聚电解质聚丙烯酸(PAA)/非离子表面活性剂聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷(P123)形成的复合物为模板,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,蔗糖为碳前驱体,通过“动态模板”方法制备具有多级孔道结构的碳纳米棒材料(hierarchically porous carbon nanorods,HPCNs)。在此基础上,利用氢氧化钾(KOH)对HPCNs进行活化,最终得到活化的多级孔碳纳米棒(activated hierarchically porous carbon nanorods,AHPCNs)。将得到的碳材料作为超级电容器电极材料,并对其电化学性能进行考察。研究结果表明:经活化的碳纳米棒电化学性能有显著提高。在1 A/g的电流密度下,AHPCNs电极的比电容为356 F/g,而未活化的HPCNs电极的比电容仅为165.7 F/g。将AHPCNs电极组装成AHPCNs//AHPCNs对称型超级电容器,该超级电容器在250 W/kg的功率密度下,能量密度达到20.76 W·h/kg,在2 A/g的电流密度下经过10000次循环后其电容保持率为87.54%,充分显示良好的储能性质和循环稳定性。Hierarchically porous carbon nanorods(HPCNs)were synthesized through dynamic template strategy by employing complex of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB)/anionic ployelectrolyte polyacrylic acid(PAA)/nonionic surfactant polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide(P123)as template,ethyl silicate(TEOS)as silica source and sucrose as carbon precursor.On this basis,the HPCNs were further chemically activated by potassium hydroxide(KOH),which resulted in the activated hierarchically porous carbon nanorods(AHPCNs).The obtained AHPCNs were used as electrode materials for supercapacitor and the electrochemical properties were characterized.The results show that the electrochemical performances of the AHPCNs are profoundly increased after KOH activation.The specific capacitance of the AHPCNs electrode reaches 356 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g,whereas the HPCNs electrode is only 165.7 F/g.In addition,the AHPCNs//AHPCNs symmetric supercapacitor device is constructed,and the device displays a high energy density of 20.76 W·h/kg at a power density of 250 W/kg and capacitance retention of 87.54%after 10000 cycles at a current density of 2 A/g.The AHPCNs//AHPCNs symmetric supercapacitor with the superior energy storage ability and the cycling stability holds great application prospect for energy power and national defense industry.

关 键 词：动态模板法 超级电容器 多级孔结构 碳纳米棒 

分 类 号：TM53[电气工程—电器]