央地关系视角下法国城市更新理念的演变和实施路径  

The Evolution and Implementation Path of Urban Renewal in France

作　　者：杨辰[1] 周嘉宜 范利 寇怀云[2] YANG Chen;ZHOU Jiayi;FAN Li;KOU Huaiyun

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院上海市城市更新及其空间优化技术重点实验室 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [3]柏林工业大学建筑学院

出　　处：《上海城市规划》2022年第6期97-103,共7页Shanghai Urban Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于多源数据的社区生活圈测度方法、影响机制与规划策略研究”(编号52078351)资助。

摘　　要：法语中的“城市更新”是个相当复杂的理念,其内涵和外延在长达数个世纪的历史演进中不断变化。从央地关系视角出发,对法国城市更新的理论、方法和政策工具进行系统梳理,提出以《马尔罗法》《团结与城市更新法》《国家环境义务法》为代表的国家专项法,将更新的目标从物质空间的改善,拓展到包含文化传承、社会团结、环境保护等诸多要素的可持续发展,确立了中央政府和地方市镇之间的权力关系。同时,法国通过“空间管控、财税扶持、合约行动”3条实施路径,在城市更新方面建立了完善的空间治理体系、多渠道的资金筹措方式和多主体的协同行动格局,对当前我国的城市更新实践具有重要的借鉴价值。Urban renewal in French is a complex concept whose connotations and extensions have evolved over centuries of history.This paper reviews the theories,methods,and policy tools of urban renewal in France in terms of both conceptual evolution and implementation paths,and proposes that the Malraux Act,Solidarity and Urban Renewal Act,and National Environment Obligation Act expand the goal of renewal from the embellishment of physical space to the sustainable development of many elements(such as culture,society,and environment),and establishes a new power relationship between the central government and local municipalities.At the same time,France has developed a comprehensive legal system,a multi-channel financing mechanism,and a multi-participant coordination system for urban renewal through three implementation paths:spatial control,financial support,and contractual action,which is of great value to the current urban renewal practice in China.

关 键 词：城市更新 央地关系 空间管控 财税扶持 合约行动 法国 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]