超高速激光熔覆技术研究现状及发展趋势  

Research Status and Development of Ultra-high Speed Laser Cladding

作　　者：郭永明 叶福兴[1] 祁航 GUO Yongming;YE Fuxing;QI Hang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《中国表面工程》2022年第6期39-50,共12页China Surface Engineering

基　　金：家自然科学基金资助项目(51975406)。

摘　　要：超高速激光熔覆技术作为一项新兴表面技术,具有熔覆效率高、粉末利用率高、涂层与基体间冶金结合、涂层稀释率低、基体热影响区小、表面粗糙度小、可轻易制备薄涂层,且整个过程绿色无污染等优点,成为替代电镀硬铬最具潜力的表面技术手段之一。系统概述超高速激光熔覆技术当前技术水平、研究进展及应用现状,对于其大规模推广具有重要意义。首先介绍超高速激光熔覆的技术特点及优势。其次,重点从超高速激光熔覆关键工艺参数、涂层组织结构及性能、熔覆材料、工艺过程数值模拟四个方面对超高速激光熔覆技术的国内外研究现状进行综述。随后,总结超高速激光熔覆技术在工业领域的应用现状。最后,对超高速激光熔覆技术的未来发展方向及趋势进行展望。主要总结超高速激光熔覆各工艺参数及熔覆层组织结构、性能之间的构效关系,为超高速激光熔覆技术的广泛应用提供借鉴和指导。Ultra-high speed laser cladding,as an emerging surface technology,possesses a series of advantages including high cladding efficiency,high powder utilization,strong metallurgical bonding between cladding coating and substrate,low coating dilution ratio,small heat-affected zone,small coating surface roughness,facile fabrication of thin coating,and environment-friendly characteristic.Thus,ultra-high speed laser cladding turns into one of the most promising surface coating technologies as alternative for hard chrome plating.Summarizing the current technical level,research and application status of ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is of great significance for its large-scale application.Firstly,the characteristics and superiority of ultra-high speed laser cladding are introduced.Then,the research status of ultra-high speed laser cladding technology domestic and abroad is reviewed from four aspects:key processing parameters,microstructure and performances of cladding coating,cladding materials,and numerical simulation of cladding process.The application status of ultra-high speed laser cladding in industry is summarized.Finally,the future development trend of ultra-high speed laser cladding technology is prospected.This paper summarizes the relationship between various process parameters,coating microstructure,and coating properties of ultra-high speed laser cladding,providing reference and guidance for its wide application.

关 键 词：超高速激光熔覆 绿色先进制造 组织结构 腐蚀磨损性能 高效率 

分 类 号：TB31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]