清远市陶瓷企业职业病危害现状调查  

Investigation on occupational hazards of ceramic enterprises in Qingyuan City

作　　者：薛来俊 张彦红 欧胸章 徐广军 卢建国 宫奇 XUE Laijun;ZHANG Yanhong;OU Xiongzhang;XU Guangjun;LU Jianguo;GONG Qi(Department of Occupational Disease,Qingyuan Hospital of Occupational Disease Prevention,Guangdong Province,Qingyuan511500,China;General Clinic of Yingbin Community Health Service Center,Karamay District,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Karamay830000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省清远市职业病防治院职业病科,广东清远511500 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区克拉玛依市克拉玛依区迎宾街道社区卫生服务中心全科门诊,新疆克拉玛依830000

出　　处：《中国当代医药》2023年第4期157-161,166,共6页China Modern Medicine

基　　金：广东省清远市科技计划项目(2020KJJH004);广东省清远市社会发展领域自筹经费科技计划项目(清科〔2019〕24号)。

摘　　要：目的调查清远市陶瓷行业职业病危害因素分布、种类、浓度及强度,企业职业危害申报、职业病危害因素检测及劳动者的健康损害等现状,为政府职能部门制定职业病防治“十四五”规划提供参考依据。方法以2019年1月至2019年12月清远市46家陶瓷企业为研究对象,采用流行病学描述性研究方法,横断面调查陶瓷企业职业病危害现状,对调查结果进行统计分析。结果全市陶瓷企业有接触职业危害劳动者总数为11943人,占在岗职工总数的61.05%。46家企业完成职业危害申报28家(60.87%),完成劳动者培训9854人(87.23%),近3年职业病危害因素全面定期检测的有27家(58.69%)。劳动者接触粉尘类作业人员9246人次,其中接触矽尘最多,占总接触人次数的93.43%;化学毒物类作业人员1500人次,前3名分别为一氧化碳298人(19.87%),甲苯226人(15.07%),苯223人(14.87%);接触物理因素有8858人次,噪声7328人次(82.73%)为最多。21家陶瓷企业各车间空气采样检测中,游离SiO2含量为12.9%~51.3%,平均为36.72%。定点检测中,总粉尘浓度(CSTEL)总超标率为38.10%,呼吸性粉尘浓度(CSTEL)总超标率为5.65%;个体检测中,总粉尘浓度(CTWA)总超标率为47.78%,呼吸性粉尘浓度(CTWA)总超标率为13.33%。46家企业在岗期间劳动者职业健康检查率为83.40%;大中型企业在岗期间劳动者职业健康检查率(87.98%)高于小微型企业(53.29%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。自2011年1月至2020年12月的10年间,46家陶瓷企业共诊断职业性肺尘埃沉着病49例,年均诊断4.9例。病种分布中,最多为矽肺35例(71.43%),现存患者46例(93.88%),46例患者均享受不同程度的社会保障。结论清远市陶瓷企业主要职业病危害因素为矽尘、噪声。中小微型企业职业危害申报率低、在岗期间劳动者职业健康检查率未达标、工作场所粉尘超标严重是“十四五”期间职业病防治的重点。Objective To understand the distribution,types,concentration and intensity of occupational hazards in Qingyuan ceramic industry,the status quo of enterprise occupational hazard declaration,occupational hazard detection and workers'health damage,so as to provide reference for government functional departments to formulate the"fourteenth five year"plan of occupational disease prevention and control.Methods From January 2019 to December 2019,46 ceramic enterprises in Qingyuan City were selected as the research objects.Descriptive epidemiological research method was adopted to investigate the occupational-disease-inductive status of ceramic enterprises in cross section,and the survey results were statistically analyzed.Results The total number of workers exposed to occupational hazards in ceramic enterprises in the city was 11297,accounting for 61.05%of the total number of on-the-job workers.Among 46 enterprises,28(60.87%)completed occupational hazard declaration,9854(87.23%)completed labor training,and 27(58.69%)completed comprehensive and regular detection of occupational hazard factors in recent three years.The number of workers exposed to dust was 9246,of which silicon dust was the most,accounting for 93.43%of the total number of workers.The top three were carbon monoxide 298(19.87%),toluene 226(15.07%)and benzene 223(14.87%).A total of 8858 people were exposed to physical factors,and 7328 people(82.73%)were exposed to noise.The content of free silica in the air samples collected from 21 ceramic enterprises ranged from 12.9%to 51.3%,with an average of 36.72%.In the fixed-point detection,the total over standard rate of total dust concentration(CSTEL)was 38.10%,and the total over standard rate of respirable dust concentration(CSTEL)was 5.65%.In individual detection,the total exceeding rate of total dust concentration(CTWA)was 47.78%,and the total exceeding rate of respirable dust concentration(CTWA)was 13.33%.The occupational health examination rate of 46 enterprises was 83.40%.The occupational health examination r

关 键 词：陶瓷企业 职业病危害 定期检测 职业健康检查 职业性肺尘埃沉着病 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]