渭北旱塬不同树龄苹果林地土壤酶活性含量分布特征  

Distribution characteristics of soil enzyme activity in apple orchards at different tree ages in Weibei rainfed highland

作　　者：田玉磊 屈魏蕾 井方宇 孙婷婷 张蓓蓓[1,2] TIAN Yu-lei;QU Wei-lei;JING Fang-yu;SUN Ting-ting;ZHANG Bei-bei(College of Geography and Environment,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Montoring and Mechanism Simulation,Baoji 721013,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院,陕西宝鸡721013 [2]陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室,陕西宝鸡721013

出　　处：《宝鸡文理学院学报（自然科学版）》2022年第4期82-87,共6页Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601016);陕西省特支计划“青年拔尖人才”项目;陕西省科技厅自然基金面上项目(2015JM4136);陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划项目(20JS011)。

摘　　要：目的 探究种植年限对苹果林地土壤酶活性含量及分布特征影响,以期为渭北旱塬苹果林地土壤改良和管理提供参考依据。方法 以渭北旱塬5 a, 10 a, 15 a和20 a苹果林地为研究对象,基于野外采样和室内分析方法测定土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶在距树干0.5 m, 1 m和1.5 m处的酶活性。结果 (1)随种植年限增加,脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,过氧化氢酶则呈现相反趋势;(2)水平方向上,除20 a果园土壤外,距树干越近,过氧化氢酶活性越低;(3)垂直剖面上,脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性整体呈下降趋势,15 a果园过氧化氢酶呈“W”变化趋势,其他树龄苹果林地土壤酶活性差异不显著,变幅较小。结论 渭北旱塬区苹果林地土壤酶活性随种植年限的延长出现了生长障碍,15 a后果园的土壤酶活性降低。Purposes-To explore the effect of different planting years on soil enzyme activities and distribution characteristics in apple orchards, and provide reference for the improvement and management of soil in apple orchards in Weibei rainfed highland. Methods-Based on field sampling and lab analysis, the apple orchard for 5 a, 10 a, 15 a and 20 a in Weibei rainfed highland as the research materials, the enzyme activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase were measured at 0.5 m, 1 m and 1.5 m away from the trunk. Results-(1) The activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase increased first and then decreased with the time of planting years, while catalase was opposite;(2) In horizontal direction, except for the soil in 20 a orchards, the closer to the trunk soil was, the lower the catalase activity;(3) On the vertical section, the activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase showed a downward trend as a whole. In 15 a orchards, the soil catalase activity showed a "W" change trend, and there was no significant difference in soil enzyme activity among other tree ages. Conclusions-The soil enzyme activity of apple orchards in Weibei rainfed highland appeared growth obstacles with the extension of planting years, and the soil enzyme activity of the orchards older than 15 a was decreased.

关 键 词：酶活性 苹果园 不同树龄 分布特征 渭北旱塬 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学]