哈萨克斯坦乌拉尔肯皮赛铬铁矿资源基地地质背景、成矿特征及矿床成因  

Geological Background,Metallogenic Characteristics and Ore Genesis of the Kempirsay Chromite Resource Base in the Ural,Kazakhstan

作　　者：高永伟 洪俊[1,2,3] 吕鹏瑞 曹凯[1,2,3] 张宇轩 李旭拓[1,2,3] 刘明义 张丹丹[1,2,3] 马中平 GAO Yongwei;HONG Jun;LÜPengrui;CAO Kai;ZHANG Yuxuan;LI Xutuo;LIU Mingyi;ZHANG Dandan;MA Zhongping(China-SCO Geosciences Cooperation Research Center,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;Xi’an Center of China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;School of Earth Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国-上海合作组织地学合作研究中心,陕西西安710054 [2]自然资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西西安710054 [4]中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《西北地质》2023年第1期142-155,共14页Northwestern Geology

基　　金：新疆重大科技专项“新亚欧大陆桥经济走廊铜金稀土等战略性矿产资源成矿预测与潜力评价”(2022A03010-2);中国地质调查局项目“中亚西亚国际合作地质调查”(DD20221804);国家重点研发计划项目课题“中亚成矿域战略性矿产信息及成矿规律”(2021YFC2901802);国家自然科学基金项目“西天山卡特巴阿苏金矿床黄铁矿特征研究及其对成矿机制的指示”(41602096);陕西省重点研发计划项目“中亚优势战略性矿产成矿规律研究与矿业项目优选”(2021KWZ-19)联合资助。

摘　　要：铬铁矿是中国极为短缺的战略性矿产,哈萨克斯坦乌拉尔肯皮赛铬铁矿资源基地是全球最大的豆荚状铬铁矿产地。笔者系统总结了肯皮赛铬铁矿资源基地的地质背景、蛇绿岩特征及成矿类型,并对基地的开发现状进行了梳理。肯皮赛铬铁矿资源基地位于乌拉尔造山带南部,伴随寒武纪—三叠纪古乌拉尔洋形成演化,大量蛇绿岩地体残存于乌拉尔造山带内,形成一系列豆荚状铬铁矿床。肯皮赛地块出露完整的蛇绿岩层序,地幔橄榄岩以方辉橄榄岩和纯橄岩为主,发育高铝型和高铬型两类富铬铁矿。其中,高铝型铬铁矿形成于早泥盆世(或更早)MOR环境下;而高铬型铬铁矿形成于晚泥盆世洋内俯冲环境下(SSZ),是俯冲带流体与残留地幔橄榄岩交代反应后形成的熔体与围岩(地幔橄榄岩)发生熔岩反应的产物。肯皮赛铬铁矿资源基地铬铁矿探明储量约3亿t,年产铬铁矿和铬铁合金约700万t和169万t,主要用于出口。中国应不断加强与哈萨克斯坦的铬铁矿资源潜力调查、勘查开发及产能合作。China ranks at the top in chromium consumption and stainless steel production,yet due to the limit-ed domestic reserve and mine production of chromite ore,the current supply of chromium relies on the main im-ports from South Africa.Meanwhile,Kazakhstan has a leading position in chromite reserves and mining,main-ly from the Kempirsay chromite resource base.On account of the above,this contribution provides an exhaus-tive summary of the geological background,ophiolites,metallogenic characteristics,the deposit’s genetic types,and the development status of the resource base.The Kempirsay chromite resource base is tectonically located in the Kempirsay massif of southern Urals.Many ophiolites were produced and preserved in the Ural orogenic belt during the opening and closure of the Ural paleo-ocean in the Cambrian to Triassic and host a series of podi-form chromite deposits.The Harzburgites and dunites dominate the mantle peridotites,which are outcropped in a complete ophiolite sequence of the Kempirsay massif.Two kinds of chromitite have been found:the high-Al type in the Early Devonian(or earlier)MOR setting and the high-Cr type in the Late Devonian Supra-subduc-tion zone(SSZ).The latter chromitite was formed in the reaction between the melt derived from residual mantle peridotites metasomatized by subduction fluids with depleted mantle during the intra-ocean subduction process.The estimated chromite reserve of the Kempirsay resource base is approximately 300 million tons,forming an annual chromite ore production of 7 million tons.Over half of the 1.69 million tons of ferrochrome production is exported to China.In summary,the Kempirsay chromite resource base in the Ural of Kazakhstan has favorable metallogenetic conditions and progressive mining activities.Thus,China should endeavor to strengthen coopera-tion with Kazakhstan in the potential resource investigation,exploration,mining of chromite resources,and re-lated industry capacity.

关 键 词：豆荚状铬铁矿 蛇绿岩 开发现状 肯皮赛铬铁矿资源基地 乌拉尔造山带 哈萨克斯坦 

分 类 号：P611[天文地球—矿床学] F416.1[天文地球—地质学]