清代司法实践下对“嗣产”案件的处理方式及目的考量——以《于成龙判牍》中“季氏五房争子”案为例进行分析  

The Handling Method and Purpose of "Inheritance" Cases under the Judicial Practice of the Qing Dynasty——Analysis with the case of "Five Households of Ji’s Fighting for Sons" in "The Judgment of Yu Cheng-long" as an example

作　　者：石泉 SHI Quan(Faculty of Humanities,Qinghai Normal University,Xining,Qinghai 810000)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学人文学院,西宁810000

出　　处：《牡丹江教育学院学报》2022年第12期109-112,共4页Journal of Mudanjiang College of Education

摘　　要：基于古代家庭“上以事宗庙,下以继后世”这一朴素情理观念的影响,保证直系血缘关系下男性后人的存续便成为实现各家庭成员自身生养死葬乃至家族支脉延展不绝的理想选择。不过一旦出现婚后无子或意外早夭等难以预料的特殊情况,便只能退而求其次通过拟制血亲的方式实现前述肩负家庭宗祧、接续家族香火等目的的实现。至于这种非婚生嗣子长期以来亦需遵循昭穆相当,服制亲疏的方式标准进行对象选择,而这其中应继者个人的意愿和想法往往并不被重视,另加之不同家庭间生活条件和经济实力的现实差异,就使得由继承矛盾所导致的财产纠纷要求州县官员在承审环节必须兼顾律例条文和人心向背予以审慎考量,以实现最终文字决断“参情酌理,勿枉勿纵”的社会效果。其中清代于成龙对“季氏五房争子”一案的审理将关注点集中于“争嗣”表像下的财产分配,在各方利益得失和家族权责间进行巧妙平衡,为类似案件的妥善解决方式提供了理想范例。Based on the influence of the simple idea of the ancient family, "The top is the temple, the bottom is the descendant",it is an ideal choice to ensure the survival of the male descendants under the direct blood relationship to realize the life and death of each family member and the extension of the family branch.However, once there is no child after marriage or unexpected early death and other special circumstances, it can only be reduced to the next step by the way of consanguineous family to achieve the above-mentioned carrying on the family inheritance, to continue the family incense and other purposes to achieve.As for this kind of illegitimate heirs, they have long been subject to the same standards as those of the closest relatives of the same generation and the way of subjugation, and the wishes and ideas of the heirs are often not taken seriously.In addition, the living conditions of different families and the actual differences in economic strength make the property disputes caused by inheritance conflicts require state and county officials to give careful consideration to both the provisions of the law and the public sentiment in the process of trial, in order to achieve the final text of the decision make a wise decision according to the factual situation.Yu Cheng-long in the Qing Dynasty focused on the property distribution under the appearance of "fighting for heirs" in the trial of the "Ji’s Five Households Fighting for Children" case, and skillfully balanced the interests of all parties and the rights and responsibilities of the family.The proper resolution of a case provides an ideal example.

关 键 词：过继 嗣产继承 情理与法理 权责平衡 

分 类 号：D920.4[政治法律—法学]