储存温度对单瓣和重瓣紫斑牡丹花粉活力及生理特性的影响  

Effect of Storage Temperature on the Activity and Physiological Characteristics of Single and Double Petal Paeonia rockii Peony Pollens

作　　者：赵萍 唐红[1] 刘兴宇 何丽霞 ZHAO Ping;TANG Hong;LIU Xingyu;HE Lixia(Academy of Forestry,Gansu Agriculture University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Academy of Information Science and Technology,Gansu Agriculture University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Engineering Research of Peony,Lanzhou 730046,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃农业大学信息科学技术学院,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省牡丹工程研究中心,兰州730046

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2022年第12期2052-2060,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：甘肃省牡丹工程研究中心(XZ20181120);科技厅“甘肃省科技支撑计划”(1604NKCA053)。

摘　　要：以紫斑牡丹‘象牙白’单瓣和重瓣花的花粉为材料,对其超微结构及生理生化特性进行观察和分析,探讨单瓣和重瓣花花粉超微结构以及不同温度储存花粉活力与其可溶性蛋白含量、MDA含量和3种保护酶活性(POD、SOD、CAT)的关系,以确定紫斑牡丹单瓣和重瓣花花粉最佳储存温度。结果表明:(1)紫斑牡丹重瓣花花粉平均极轴长、平均赤道轴长、极轴长/赤道轴长均小于单瓣花花粉;室温(25℃)条件下,单瓣花花粉萌发率(83.62%)高于重瓣花(72.06%),单瓣花和重瓣花花粉的半衰期分别为40 d和60 d;随着储存温度降低和储存时间的延长,单瓣花和重瓣花的花粉萌发率较室温均显著提高,且单瓣花花粉萌发率始终高于重瓣花花粉。(2)紫斑牡丹单瓣和重瓣花花粉在短期储存(1~120 d)、较长时间储存和长期储存的适宜温度分别为4℃、-20℃,-80℃。(3)与室温相比,低温可提高储存期间紫斑牡丹花粉的可溶性蛋白质含量和保护酶活性,并降低MDA含量,从而有效延缓花粉萌发率的下降。(4)低温胁迫对紫斑牡丹单瓣花花粉的影响低于重瓣花花粉,在相同储存温度条件下,重瓣花花粉细胞受损程度更高、萌发率下降速率更快。研究认为,紫斑牡丹花粉在-80℃储存条件下基本处于代谢平衡状态,故低温能有效延长其花粉储存寿命;储存期间花粉萌发率下降的主要原因是细胞膜脂过氧化程度加剧,细胞损伤加重;紫斑牡丹重瓣花花粉粒小、瘪粒和畸形是导致其较单瓣花花粉萌发率低的主要原因。The study with Paeonia rockii‘Xiangyabai’single and double peony pollens as materials,physiological and biochemical characteristics,discussed the relationship between the pollen activity and the activities of protein,MDA and three protective enzymes(POD,SOD,CAT)of pollens at different temperatures,determined the best storage mode of single and double peony pollens.The results show that:(1)the average equatorial axis length and pole axis length/equatorial axis length of P.rockii are less than that of single-petal pollen;at room temperature(25℃),the germination rate of single-petal pollen(83.62%)is higher than that of double-petal pollen(72.06%).The half-lives of single-petal pollen and double-petal pollen are 40 days and 60 days,respectively.With the reduction of storage temperature and the extension of storage time,the pollen germination rate of single-petal flower and double-petal flower is significantly higher than that in room temperature,and the germination rate of single-petal pollen is always higher than that of double-petal pollen.(2)The suitable temperatures for short-term storage(1-120 d),long-term storage and long-term storage of P.rockii single-petal and double-petal pollen are 4℃,-20℃and-80℃,respectively.(3)Compared with room temperature,low temperature can increase the soluble protein content and protect enzyme activities of P.rockii pollen during storage,and reduce the MDA content,thus effectively delaying the decline of pollen germination rate.(4)The effect of low temperature stress on the single-petal pollen of P.rockii is lower than that of double-petal pollen.Under the same storage temperature,the degree of damage to double-petal pollen cells is higher and the germination rate decreases faster.It is believed that P.rockii pollen is basically in a metabolic equilibrium state under-80℃storage conditions,so low temperature can effectively prolong its pollen storage life;the main reason for the decrease in pollen germination rate during storage is the increased degree of cell membrane

关 键 词：紫斑牡丹 花粉结构 低温储存 花粉活力 酶活性 

分 类 号：Q945.6[生物学—植物学] S685.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]