低熔点含能化合物研究进展  

Research Progress on Low Melting Point Energetic Compounds

作　　者：郝雪 叶志文[1] 周新利[1] HAO Xue;YE Zhi-wen;ZHOU Xin-li(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学化学与化工学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2023年第1期16-30,共15页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21903044)。

摘　　要：综述了苯环类、氮杂环类、氮氧杂环类、烷烃类及含能离子盐类低熔点含能化合物的国内外研究现状、合成方法、物理化学性质与爆轰性能,并分析了其性能优劣及实际应用所面临的问题等,对比不同分子主体结构和官能团对化合物性能的影响,探索今后含能材料的重点研究方向以便设计出更好的低熔点化合物,更好地满足熔铸炸药应用要求。指出DFTNAN、DNP、DNBF、BOO、BODN、TNTON等化合物性能优良,可以作为取代TNT作为新型熔铸炸药载体;可以尝试以四唑为基础原料,引入不同性能优良的基团,如:—N 3、—F、—ONO 2、—NHNO 2等,设计新型低熔点含能化合物。附参考文献114篇。The research status,synthetic methods,physico-chemical properties,and detonation performance of low melting point energetic compounds at home and abroad were reviewed.The types of compounds include benzene rings,nitrogen heterocycles,nitrogen oxygen heterocycles,alkanes,and energetic ion salts.The advantages and disadvantages of their performances and issues in practical applications were analyzed,and the effects of different molecular structures and functional groups on the properties of these compounds were compared.Future research directions of energetic materials were explored to design low melting point compounds with better performance,thereby meeting the application requirements of melt-cast explosives.It is pointed out that DFTNAN,DNP,DNBF,BOO,BODN,and TNTON have excellent properties,enabling them to be used as new carrier of melt-cast explosives instead of TNT.The new low melting point energetic compounds can be designed by using tetrazoles as basic raw material,and introducing different groups with excellent properties,such as—N 3,—F,—ONO 2,—NHNO 2,etc.With 114 references.

关 键 词：熔铸炸药载体 低熔点含能化合物 含能离子盐 熔点 爆轰性能 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ564[化学工程—炸药化工]