低聚硅倍半氧烷在HTPB复合推进剂中的多功能作用  

Multi-functional Effects of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane in HTPB Composite Propellants

作　　者：任佳奇 李建民[1] 杨荣杰[1] REN Jia-qi;LI Jian-min;YANG Rong-jie(School of Materials,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学材料学院,北京100081

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2023年第1期76-84,共9页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.22027811)。

摘　　要：为提升复合固体推进剂的综合性能,将不同质量分数的八苯基硅倍半氧烷(OPS)、八氨基苯基硅倍半氧烷(OAPS)、八硝基苯基硅倍半氧烷(ONPS)和八(二硝基苯基)硅倍半氧烷(ODNPS)等4种有机-无机杂化结构的多面体低聚硅倍半氧烷(POSS)加入端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)推进剂中。使用电子万能试验机、热机械分析仪测定推进剂的拉伸力学性能;使用氧弹量热仪测定推进剂在3 MPa氮气下的爆热;利用线扫描摄像燃速测定系统测定了推进剂的燃速—压强关系;采用扫描电镜、激光粒度仪和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对推进剂爆热测试后的凝聚相燃烧产物进行微观形貌、粒度及物相分析;采用同步热分析仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等对POSS影响推进剂燃烧的机理进行了分析。结果表明,4种POSS均可增强推进剂的拉伸力学性能,八氨基苯基硅倍半氧烷(OAPS)效果最优;4种POSS均可提高推进剂的燃速,ONPS质量分数为3%时,推进剂燃速及爆热最高;4种POSS均可促进推进剂铝燃烧,明显减小凝聚相燃烧产物的粒径,ODNPS效果最优。分析认为,ONPS和ODNPS热解、燃烧产生的纳米尺寸的芳香碳和氧化硅,提高了推进剂燃速,抑制了推进剂铝燃烧团聚。To improve the comprehensive performances of composite solid propellants,four types of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS)with organic-inorganic hybrid structure,including octa(phenyl)silsesquioxane(OPS),octa(nitrophenyl)silsesquioxane(ONPS),octa(dinitrophenyl)silsesquioxane(ODNPS)and octa(aminophenyl)silsesquioxane(OAPS)with different mass fractions were applied to HTPB propellants.The electronic universal testing machine and thermomechanical analyzer were used to measure the tensile mechanical properties of the propellants.Oxygen bomb calorimeter was used to measure the heats of explosion of the propellants under 3 MPa nitrogen atmosphere.CCD line scan camera was used to measure the burning rate—pressure relations of the propellants.The morphology,particle size and the condensed-phase combustion products after the explosion heat test of the propellants were analyzed by scanning electron microscope,laser particle size analyzer and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The synchronous thermal analyzer,scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were used to analyze the effect of POSS on the combustion mechanism of the propellants.The results show that four kinds of POSS can improve the tensile properties of the propellants,and the effect of OAPS is the best.Four kinds of POSS can increase the burning rate of the propellants.When the mass fraction of ONPS is 3%,the burning rate and explosion heat of the propellant are the highest.Four kinds of POSS can promote the combustion of aluminum in the propellants,the particle size of the condensed-phase combustion products decrease significantly,and ODNPS has the best effect.According to the analysis,the nano-sized aromatic carbon and silicon oxide produced by the pyrolysis and combustion of ONPS and ODNPS improve the burning rates of the propellants and inhibit the aluminum combustion agglomeration of the propellants.

关 键 词：HTPB复合固体推进剂 多面体低聚硅倍半氧烷 POSS 力学性能 燃烧性能 铝燃烧 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]