国际投资仲裁中紧急状态下东道国人权管制义务对外资补偿的影响  

The Influenceof Host State's RegulatoryObligation to Protect Human Rights on Compensation Awarded to Foreign Investors under State of Necessity in International Investment Arbitration

作　　者：李尊然[1] LI Zunran

机构地区：[1]中原工学院法学院与知识产权学院

出　　处：《国际法学刊》2022年第4期53-83,155,156,共33页Journal of International Law

基　　金：2012年国家社科基金项目“国际投资争端解决补偿计算问题研究”(12BFX141);2020年河南省教育厅人文社科项目“中外土地征收补偿计算标准比较研究”(2020-ZZJH-549)的后续成果。

摘　　要：在国际投资仲裁中,对于东道国在紧急状态或危机情势下因履行其人权义务而管制外资对后者造成损失的“全赔或不赔”这种非此即彼的传统补偿模式太过极端,无法真正平衡东道国和投资者的利益,加剧了裁决不一致问题。从相关条约和判例实践可知,一种正在形成的人权管制“风险分担”补偿模式是可行的,即按照双方对发生危机的可预见性和促成危机的过错,在东道国与外国投资者之间分配东道国因履行“最低核心人权义务”而管制外资对后者所造成的损失,从而在东道国投资条约项下的义务与其在人权公约项下的义务之间达到平衡。通过对上述可预见性和过错归因的细化和量化,对现有“风险分担”模型的改造,可在东道国和投资者之间较为准确地分配人权管制措施造成的外资损失。该模式为解决《国家责任条款草案》第27条留下的如何补偿问题提供了一种启示性的解决方案。In international investment arbitration, the traditional Either-Full-OrNull mode of compensation, awarded to foreign investors by host states under the state of necessity/crisis, is too radical to balance the two interests of the host states and the investors and worsens the already existed widely criticized inconsistency of arbitration awards. Relevant treaty and investment arbitration jurisprudence have shown that a new Risk-Sharing mode of compensation is pratical, under which the human rights regulatory risks and the consequent losses of foreign investors thereby caused when host state performs its minimum core human rights obligations are allocated between the states and the investors according to their foreseeability on and faults contributing to the state of necessity/crisis, using a revised capital assets pricing model through quantifying the foreseeability and the attribution. Such a mode of compensation helps reach equilibrium between the state’s regulatory obligation to protect human rights under international human rights conventions its obligation to protect foreign investors under invest treaties, and provides a suggestion to the open question of compensation left by Article 27 of ILC’s Draft Articles on State Responsibility.

关 键 词：国际投资仲裁 人权管制义务 风险分担 补偿模式 量化 

分 类 号：D996.4[政治法律—经济法学]