热那亚中世纪资产阶级宅邸的特征与保护经验  

The Characteristics of Bourgeois’ Residence in Genoa in the Middle Ages and Related Protection Experience Observation

作　　者：夏玥 Xia Yue

机构地区：[1]意大利米兰理工建筑与城市研究系

出　　处：《中外建筑》2023年第1期20-26,共7页Chinese & Overseas Architecture

摘　　要：中世纪热那亚城的商人家庭,常在族人聚居的地方建造宅邸,并在中世纪中后期达到一定规模,且逐渐形成地域性特点。文章通过文献研究,总结出热那亚历史城区中世纪宅邸的主要特征:空间布局呈“底层商业空间+上层居住空间”,立面上有挑出的连续小拱分隔;底层的商业空间由门廊与门廊后的商店或仓库构成,大多数门廊在中世纪后期被填充;主要的居住房间通常有小石柱装饰的多光窗,有部分窗口在后期使用中被改造。通过案例分析,进一步说明这些宅邸的地域特征,了解这类历史建筑共性中的个性与保护的复杂性。结合实例总结当地保护相关历史建筑的经验:“局部约束”与“整体约束”并行的保护政策架构,确保建筑遗产的安全与可持续发展的可能性;持续跨学科的深入研究,为价值认定与保护方案设计提供科学依据;与时俱进地将信息技术使用到建筑遗产保护领域提高研究与管理效率;多元的资金支持保障了保护项目的落地执行。In the Middle Ages, the merchant families in Genoa often built their residence in the places where the clans lived, and reached a certain scale in the Middle and late Middle Ages, and gradually formed regional characteristics. Through literature research, this paper summarizes the main architectural characteristics of the medieval bourgeois’ residence in the historic center of Genoa: the spatial layout is "the commercial space on the ground floor + the living space on the upper floors", separated by continuous small hanging arches on the facade;the commercial space is composed of a loggia(or front porch) and shops or warehouses behind porticoes, most of which were filled in the late Middle Ages;the main living rooms usually had polifora windows decorated with small stone columns, some of which were modified in later use. Through case analysis, This paper explains the architectural characteristics of these buildings, and comprehends the individuality in the commonality, and protection complexity. Combined with praltical examples,this paper summarizes the local experience in the protection of related historical buildings: the parallel protection policy framework of "partial constraints" and "overall constraints" ensures the safety of architectural heritage and the possibility of sustainable development;continuous interdisciplinary in-depth research provides value identification and protection project a scientific basis;the use of information technology in the field of architectural heritage protection keeps pace with the times to improve the efficiency of research and management;diverse financial support ensures the implementation of protection projects.

关 键 词：中世纪建筑 资产阶级宅邸 地域性特征 意大利建筑遗产保护经验 意大利热那亚 

分 类 号：TU-87[艺术—艺术设计]