日本“紧急事态条款”入宪论争及其实质研判  

The Controversy and Essence of the Inclusion of “State of Emergency Clause” into Japan’s Constitution

作　　者：王方[1,2] 吕耀东 WANG Fang;LYU Yaodong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学国际政治经济学院,北京102488 [2]华北科技学院外国语学院日语系,廊坊065201 [3]中国社会科学院日本研究所,北京100007

出　　处：《东北亚学刊》2023年第1期31-48,146,共19页Journal of Northeast Asia Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“日本海洋战略及政策研究”(20FJB006);中国社会科学院创新工程项目“日本外交战略及中日关系研究”(GJ08-2017-SCX-2974)。

摘　　要：近年来,以应对新冠肺炎疫情、自然灾害等为由,日本修宪势力谋求将“紧急事态条款”写入宪法,以便突破“和平宪法”限制,确立“国家总动员体制”,实现海外动武乃至发动战争。1889年《明治宪法》中曾设有“紧急事态条款”,被认为是其走上军国主义道路的原因之一。为此,第二次世界大战后在盟军占领下出台的《日本国宪法》中未写入“紧急事态条款”。如今日本执政党力求启动修宪相关程序,切实推动与发动战争相关的“紧急事态条款”入宪。日本若实现“紧急事态条款”入宪,将改变基于“和平宪法”的对外战略;为日本全面提升“防卫力”背书;加剧日本与周边国家间的紧张关系,进而严重危害亚太地区乃至世界的和平、稳定及安全。In recent years, on the grounds of the COVID-19 epidemic and natural disasters, Japan’s force supporting the constitutional revision has sought to write the “state of emergency clause”into the constitution in order to break through the restrictions of the “peace constitution” and establish a “national mobilization system” to realize the use of force overseas and even start a war. As early as 1889, the Meiji Constitution contained a “state of emergency clause”, which is considered to be one of the reasons for its militaristic path. Therefore, the Constitution of Japan, which was promulgated after the end of WWII under the occupation of the allied forces, did not include the “state of emergency clause”. Nowadays, Japan’s ruling party attempts to initiate procedures related to constitutional amendment, promote the inclusion of the “state of emergency clause” related to the start of war effectively. If the “state of emergency clause” is put into the constitution, it will change Japan’s foreign strategy based on the “peace constitution” and endorse Japan’s overall enhancement of its “defense capability”. It will not only increase tensions between Japan and its neighboring countries, but also seriously endanger peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region and the world at large.

关 键 词：日本 紧急事态条款 和平宪法 修宪 战争 

分 类 号：D731.3[政治法律—政治学] D931.3[政治法律—中外政治制度] D911