滴灌棉花产量及构成因素对关键生育期施氮量的响应  

Response of Yield and Its Components of Cotton under Drip Irrigation to Different Nitrogen Application Rates at the Critical Growth Stages

作　　者：蒲胜海[1,2] 马红红 马兴旺[1,2] 李磐 涂永峰[3] 李小伟 艾合买提·哈力克[4] 李江峰 PU Shenghai;MA Honghong;MA Xingwang;LI Pan;TU Yongfeng;LI Xiaowei;Aihemaiti·Halike;LI Jiangfeng(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Agriculture Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Urumqi 830091,China;Xinjiang Huier Agricultural Group Co.,Ltd.,Changji Xinjiang 831100,China;Hami Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hami Xinjiang 839000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]农业部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]新疆慧尔农业集团股份有限公司,新疆昌吉831100 [4]哈密市农业技术推广中心,新疆哈密839000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第3期350-357,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：农业部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金(NYBXBLZ-201703,NYBXBLZ-201805),国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0800804);农业科技创新稳定支持项目(XJNKYWDZC-2022005);新疆棉田面源污染定位监测预警田间标准实验室条件建设项目。

摘　　要：旨在探讨棉花产量及构成因素对关键生育期施氮量的响应,为棉花氮肥精准调控提供理论支撑。采用田间小区试验,分别在棉花蕾期、盛花期、盛铃期按同时期农户常规施氮量(CNF)的75%、100%、125%、150%和200%设计5个施氮水平,共13个处理,研究氮肥调控对棉花三桃个数、单铃质量、单株有效铃数、产量和氮肥偏生产力的影响。结果表明:农户常规蕾期14.29 kg·hm^(-2)和盛铃期35.63 kg·hm^(-2)的施氮量较为合理,棉花单铃质量、单株有效铃数和产量较高。盛花期增施氮肥有利于棉花高产形成,农户常规盛花期施氮量的2倍(Nflower-200)处理与CNF相比,单铃质量、单株有效铃数和产量分别显著增加16.49%、15.75%和11.24%。CNF处理氮肥偏生产力最大为21.28 kg·kg^(-1),Nflower-200处理经济效益最高为7370.17元·hm^(-2)。可见,膜下滴灌水肥一体化技术可以实现棉花关键生育期精细化氮肥调控,建议当地农户在棉花盛花期适当加大氮肥施用量,可以获得较好的经济效益。The response of cottoon yield and components to fertilization amount at critical growth stage was explored to provide a theoretical support for precise regulation of fertilizer regulation in cotton.In this study,a field plot experiment was conducted,five nitrogen application rates of 75%,100%,125%,150% and 200% were designed by the farmers’conventional nitrogen application CNF)at the bud,flowering,and bolling stage of cotton,respectively.A total of 13 treatments were applied to determine the spatial distribution of cotton bolls,boll mass,boll number,yield and N fertilizer partial productivity.The results showed that the nitrogen application of 14.29 kg·hm^(-2)at bud stage and 35.63 kg·hm^(-2) at the full boll stage were reasonable,the single boll mass,effective boll number per plant and yield of cotton were higher than other treatments.Increasing N fertilizer application at the full flowering stage was beneficial to obtain high yield of cotton.Compared with CNF,the application rate of 200% of the CNF(Nflower-200)could significantly increase the single boll mass,effective boll number per plant and yield by 16.49%,15.75%and 11.24%,respectively.The CNF treatment had the highest partial factor productivity of nitrogen of 21.28 kg·kg^(-1),and the Nflower-200 treatment had the highest economic benefit of 7370.17 yuan·hm^(-2).Therefore,the integration technology of water and fertilizer under drip irrigation with film mulching can achieve fine nitrogen fertilizer regulation at the key stage of cotton growth.It is suggested that local farmers should appropriately increase the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer at the peak flowering stage of cotton,which can achieve better economic benefits.

关 键 词：生育期 施氮量 膜下滴灌 棉花 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]