改性生物炭对汞污染土壤绿豆生长及汞含量的影响  

Effects of Modified Biochar on Growth and Mercury Content of Mung Bean Growing in Mercury Contaminated Soil

作　　者：符倩 李路 张皓月 孙芳强[3,4] 王晓娟 赵倩[3,4] 毛晖 FU Qian;LI Lu;ZHANG Haoyue;SUN Fangqiang;WANG Xiaojuan;ZHAO Qian;MAO Hui(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China;No.5 Exploration Institute of Geology and Mineral Resource,Tai’an Shandong 271000,China;Key Laboratory of China Geological Survey on Groundwater and Ecology in Arid and Semi-arid Areas,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an Center of Geological Survey of China Geological Survey,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]山东省第五地质矿产勘查院,山东泰安271000 [3]中国地质调查局干旱-半干旱区地下水与生态重点实验室,西安710054 [4]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,西安710054

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第3期358-367,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1900700);陕西省科技创新专项(2020zdzx03-02-01);旬阳县红军镇汞污染农田土壤污染治理与修复技术应用试点项目(K4030220091)。

摘　　要：为了探究改性生物炭对于汞污染地区植株生长的影响,通过盆栽试验研究了施用不同比例改性生物炭对于汞污染土壤绿豆生物量、汞含量、微量元素和酶活性的影响。试验共设4个处理:不施加改性生物炭(CK);施加0.67%土质量的改性生物炭(C-10);施加2.00%土质量的生物炭(C-30);施加3.33%土质量的改性生物炭(C-50)。结果表明:施加改性生物炭后绿豆各器官生物量均有不同程度的增加,其中以C-30处理效果最佳,根、茎、叶、果实的干生物量增幅分别达到7.04%、40.86%、33.33%和52.76%;各器官汞含量显著降低,其中以C-50处理效果最佳,根、茎、叶、果实中的汞含量降幅分别达到74.34%、86.02%、70.66%和84.93%;C-30和C-50处理果实汞含量分别降低了83.56%与84.93%,远低于国标食品中总汞限量标准0.020 mg·kg^(-1),达到可食用标准;C-30处理较为显著的促进了植株的生长发育,提高了可食用部分的品质与微量元素含量;施加生物炭后叶片酶活性表现出低促高抑的趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的酶活性均在C-30处理中达到最大值,在C-50处理中达到最小值。说明,改性生物炭最佳施用量为C-30处理(2.00%土质量),施加适宜比例的改性生物炭能够缓解汞胁迫,促进绿豆植株的生长,降低各器官汞含量,提高可食用部分生物安全性与品质。改性生物炭可以作为一种经济高效的钝化剂在汞污染地区推广施用。To explore the effect of modified biochar on the plant growth in mercury-contaminated areas,we investigated the effects of different ratios of modified biochar on the biomass,mercury content,trace elements,and enzyme activities of mung bean growing in mercury-contaminated soil through pot experiments.4 treatments,including soil with no modified biochar(CK),soil with 0.67%of modified biochar(C-10),2.00%of biochar(C-30),and 3.33%of modified biochar(C-50)by weight,were set up in this experiment.The results showed that the tissue biomass of mung beans increased in varying degrees after the application of modified biochar.Among the four treatments,C-30 had the best effect.The dry biomass of the root,stem,leaf,and fruit increased by 7.04%,40.86%,33.33%,and 52.76%,respectively.The application of biochar significantly reduced the mercury content of various tissues.Among the four treatments,C-50 had the best effect.Compared with CK,the mercury contents in the root,stem,leaf,and fruit decreased by 74.34%,86.02%,70.66%,and 84.93%,respectively.Compared with CK,the mercury contents in the fruit of C-30 and C-50 decreased by 83.56%and 84.93%,respectively,which were far lower than the mercury national standard of 0.020 mg·kg^(-1)in food,and reached the edible standard.C-30 significantly promoted the growth of plants and improved the quality of the edible parts and the contents of the trace elements.After the application of biochar,the enzyme activity of the leaf showed a trend of low promotion and high inhibition.The enzyme activities of peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)reached the maximum value in C-30 and minimum value in C-50.In general,C-30(with 2.00%of biochar)is more effective in all treatments.The application of a suitable ratio of modified biochar can effectively alleviate mercury stress,promote growth of mung beans,reduce mercury content in various organs,and improve the biosafety and quality of edible parts.Therefore,the application of modified biochar can be popularized as an economical and efficient passivation agen

关 键 词：改性生物炭 汞污染 土壤修复 绿豆 汞含量 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173