地膜覆盖及不同施肥处理对根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响  

Effect of Plastic Mulching and Different Fertilization Treatments on Microbial Quantity and Enzyme Activity of Rhizosphere

作　　者：胡庆兰 杨凯 王金贵[1,2] HU Qinglan;YANG Kai;WANG Jingui(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016 China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [2]省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第3期429-439,共11页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：青海省重大科技专项(2019-NK-A11)。

摘　　要：通过室内分析和田间裂区试验相结合的方法,研究地膜覆盖和不同施肥处理对玉米不同生育期土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:(1)对于根际土壤而言,覆膜条件下各施肥处理的脲酶活性、蔗糖酶活性均高于不施肥处理;无膜条件下各施肥处理的碱性磷酸酶活性均高于不施肥处理。其中脲酶活性在大喇叭口期最高,NPK-C(氮磷钾配施-覆膜)、NPKO-C(氮磷钾配施有机肥-覆膜)、NPKB-C(氮磷钾配施生物炭-覆膜)分别较CK-C(对照-覆膜)高31.03%、66.01%、49.26%;蔗糖酶活性也是大喇叭口期最高,NPK-C、NPKO-C、NPKB-C分别较CK-C高38.43%、117.53%、64.94%;碱性磷酸酶活性在乳熟期最高,NPK(氮磷钾配施)、NPKO(氮磷钾配施有机肥)、NPKB(氮磷钾配施生物炭)分别较CK(对照)高43.84%、30.38%、31.53%。(2)覆膜条件下各施肥处理细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均高于不施肥处理。其中乳熟期细菌数量最大,NPK-C、NPKO-C分别较CK-C高19.74%、26.26%;放线菌数量也是乳熟期最大,NPK-C、NPKO-C、NPKB-C分别较CK-C增加了23.49%、62.94%、46.97%;真菌数量在大喇叭口期最大,NPK-C、NPKO-C分别较CK-C高120.30%、60.89%。综合比较,覆膜条件下化肥配施有机肥(NPKO-C)对于增加土壤酶活性和微生物数量效果最佳。The effects of plastic film mulching and different fertilization treatment on the number of soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activity in different growth period were investigated in this study.The results showed that:(1)For rhizosphere soil,the urease and invertase activities were higher under treatment of film mulching,and the phosphatase activity was higher than those of no fertilization.Among them,the urease activity was the highest at the flare opening stage,NPK-C(nitrogen phosphorus and potassium-mulching),NPKO-C(nitrogen phosphorus and potassium were combined with organic fertilizer-mulching),NPKB-C(nitrogen phosphorus and potassium were combined with biochar-mulching)were 31.03%,66.01%and 49.26%higher than CK-C(control-mulching),respectively.Invertase activity was also the highest at the flare opening stage,NPK-C,NPKO-C,and NPKB-C were 38.43%,117.53%,and 64.94%higher than CK-C,respectively.The phosphatase activity was the highest during the milk stage,NPK(nitrogen phosphorus and potassium),NPKO(nitrogen phosphorus and potassium were combined with organic fertilizer),NPKB(nitrogen phosphorus and potassium were combined with biochar)were 43.84%,30.38%,31.53%higher than CK(control),respectively.(2)The number of bacteria,fungi and actinobacteria was higher than that of each treatment without fertilization.The number of bacteria was the largest during the milk stage,NPK-C and NPKO-C were 19.74%and 26.26%higher than CK-C;the number of actinobacteria was also the largest during the milk stage,NPK-C,NPKO-C and NPKB-C increased by 23.49%,62.94%and 46.97%,respectively,which was higher than CK-C;the number of fungi was the largest at the flare opening stage,NPK-C and NPKO-C were 120.30%and 60.89%higher than CK-C.By comprehensive comparison,the application of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium combined with organic fertilizer-mulching(NPKO-C)present the best effect on increase of the activity of soil enzymes and the number of microorganisms.

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 施肥处理 根际土壤 酶活性 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S154.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]