棉花品种资源黄萎病田间抗性鉴定和评价  

Identification and Evaluation of Resistance of Cotton Variety Resources to Verticillium Wilt in Field

作　　者：曹阳[1] 严玉萍[1] 朱波[1] 周小凤[2] 吕博 房健 张燕[1] 方瑞[1] 冯振秀[1] CAO Yang;YAN Yuping;ZHU Bo;ZHOU Xiaofeng;LV Bo;FANG Jian;ZHANG Yan;FANG Rui;FENG Zhenxiu(Research Institute of Agricultural Science of the Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shuanghe Xinjiang 833400,China;Cotton Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Land Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China;Industrial Crops Institute of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology and Breeding in the Middle Reaches of the Changjiang River,Wuhan 430074,China;Xinjiang Shuanghe Water Control Agriculture Development Group Co.,Ltd.,Shuanghe Xinjiang 833400,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第五师农业科学研究所,新疆双河833400 [2]新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所,新疆石河子832000 [3]湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所/农业部长江中游棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,武汉430074 [4]新疆双河水控农业发展集团有限公司,新疆双河833400

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第2期264-271,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：新疆兵团重点领域创新团队(2020CB004);新疆维吾尔自治区及第五师创新工作室;新疆生产建设兵团第五师科技计划(21NY09,21NY04,20NY02,2019ZG001)。

摘　　要：通过田间抗病性鉴定和分析,掌握种质抗病性分布状况,筛选抗黄萎病核心资源,经遗传改良,定向选育与新疆棉花产业需求相吻合的抗病品种,并探讨病害治理策略。以收集的396份陆地棉品种资源为鉴定对象,2018-2019年,通过自然病田小区试验,在6月底(蕾期)和8月底(铃期),采用5级分级法,对品种资源进行黄萎病抗病性鉴定和评价。供试陆地棉种质具备丰富的抗病遗传多样性,种质间黄萎病变异系数高,可选择抗病种质加以利用。年度间各材料发病程度差异大,2018年发病明显重于2019年,但材料间发病趋势基本相同;蕾期发病较轻,铃期发生重。两年自然病田鉴定平均73.3%的材料蕾期未发病;铃期相对病指超过20的材料占比46.0%,相对病指为0.1~20.0的占比50.4%,未发病的占3.6%。铃期发病最重材料的发病率达100%,病指高达75.0;2018年铃期参加鉴定材料平均发病率和病指分别达38.8%、19.2,比2019年分别高19.0个百分点和8.7。发病率与病指间存在极显著正相关,相关系数>0.93;蕾期发病率和病指比铃期变异系数大,蕾期与铃期存在极显著正相关,平均相关系数分别为0.28、0.32。鉴定出36份抗黄萎病优异资源(自然病田铃期黄萎病病指≤10、纤维长度≥29 mm、断裂比强度≥29.0 cN/tex、马克隆值3.5~4.9、小区皮棉产量≥2250 kg/hm^(2)),这些资源地域来源较广,抗黄萎能力较强,与产量、品质匹配较好,可在抗病育种遗传改良中利用。The distribution of disease resistance of germplasm was clarified and the core resources for resistance to Verticillium wilt were screened by identifying and analyzing the disease resistance in the field.By means of genetic improvement,the disease-resistant varieties that meet the needs of Xinjiang cotton industry were directionally selected and bred,at the same time,the disease management strategies were also discussed in this study.The 396 upland cotton varieties resources was collected as the identification objects to conduct the natural disease field plot experiment from 2018 to 2019.The five-level classification method was adopted to evaluate the resistance to Verticillium wilt at the end of June(bud stage)and the end of August(boll stage).The tested upland cotton germplasm were rich in genetic diversity of disease resistance,and the variation coefficient of resistance to Verticillium wilt among germplasms was high,which could be used to cultivate disease-resistant germplasm.The incidence of each material varied greatly from year to year,the incidence in 2018 was more serious than that in 2019,but the general incidence trend between materials was the same.The incidence at the bud stage was lower than that of the boll stage.On average,73.3%of the materials had no disease at the bud stage in diseased fields in the two years:at the boll stage,materials with the relative disease index of more than 20 accounted for 46.0%,the relative disease index between 0.1-20.0 accounted for 50.4%,and materials without disease accounted for 3.6%.The materials with serious incidence at the boll stage reached to 100%,and the disease index was as high as 75.0;the materials with average incidence and disease index at the boll stage in 2018 reached to 38.8%and 19.2,respectively,which were 19.0 percentage points and 8.7 higher than that in 2019.There was a very significant positive correlation between the incidence and disease index,with a correlation coefficient>0.93.In the incidence and disease index,the coefficient of variation a

关 键 词：棉花 资源 黄萎病 田间鉴定 

分 类 号：S435.621[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]