西北内陆早熟陆地棉品种的综合评价及育种演化  

Comprehensive Evaluation and Breeding Evolution of Early Maturing Upland Cotton Varieties in the Northwest Inland of China

作　　者：王彩香 袁文敏 刘娟娟 谢晓宇 马麒[2] 巨吉生 陈炟 王宁[3] 冯克云[3] 宿俊吉 WANG CaiXiang;YUAN WenMin;LIU JuanJuan;XIE XiaoYu;MA Qi;JU JiSheng;CHEN Da;WANG Ning;FENG KeYun;SU JunJi(College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070;Cotton Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang;Crop Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院/省部共建干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,兰州730070 [2]新疆农垦科学院棉花研究所,新疆石河子832000 [3]甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2023年第1期1-16,I0001-I0005,共21页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31971986和32260522);甘肃省农业科学院生物育种专项(2022GAAS04);甘肃省科技计划(20JR10RA520);甘肃农业大学国家级大学生创新创业训练计划(202210733017)

摘　　要：【目的】综合评价近30年西北内陆棉区审定的早熟陆地棉品种,阐述该区域育成品种主要性状的育种演变规律,为西北内陆棉花新品种选育和主栽品种推荐提供参考依据。【方法】2020年和2021年分别在甘肃敦煌和新疆石河子对110个1988-2021年西北内陆棉区审定的早熟陆地棉品种与早熟、产量、纤维品质和株型相关的12个主要性状的表型进行鉴定;利用聚类分析、相关性分析和主成分分析等方法,对品种表型特征进行综合评分,筛选优良品种,并对其主要性状进行育种演化分析。【结果】110个早熟陆地棉参试品种的12个主要性状表型值分布范围较大,变异系数由大到小依次为:果枝长度>单株结铃数>吐絮率>单铃重>马克隆值>纤维强度>衣分>纤维长度>开花时间>果枝夹角>伸长率>整齐度。通过聚类分析将110个早熟陆地棉品种分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ4个类群,它们分别为优良纤维品质、早熟、松散株型和高产的品种类群。相关性分析表明,早熟性与产量和纤维品质相关性状均呈负相关,产量构成性状与纤维品质性状呈正相关,且多数性状之间达显著或极显著水平。利用主成分分析将12个主要性状简化为4个主成分,其累积贡献率达66.92%;并对110份早熟陆地棉品种进行综合评分,评分排名第一的品种为中棉113(0.67),该品种具有早熟、高产、纤维品质优良和株型相对松散等特征。进一步分析发现,甘肃审定品种的早熟性显著优于西北内陆和新疆审定品种,产量和纤维品质相关性状显著低于西北内陆和新疆审定品种。西北内陆早熟陆地棉品种在30多年的演化过程中,多数产量和纤维品质相关性状呈显著上升的变化趋势,株型向更为紧凑的趋势演变;早期育成品种的单株结铃数与单铃重、衣分、纤维长度和强度呈负相关,而近期育成品种单株结铃数与单铃重、衣分、纤维长度和强度呈正【Objective】 This paper evaluated comprehensively early maturity upland cotton varieties in northwest inland cotton-growing region of China, and uncovered the evolution rules of the main traits from the breeding cultivars in the region. It provides a useful reference for recommendation and breeding of main cotton varieties in northwest inland region. 【Method】A total of 110 early-maturing upland cotton varieties which were approved in northwest inland cotton-growing region from 1988 to 2021 were applied, and phenotypic identification of 12 main traits related to early maturity, yield, fiber quality and plant architecture was carried out in Dunhuang, Gansu province and Shihezi, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Clustering analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were respectively used to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics of the cultivars, and carry out the breeding evolution analysis of their main traits. 【Result】The phenotype value of 12 main traits had large distribution range from 110 early-maturing upland cotton varieties in northwest inland cotton-growing region of China. The variation coefficient in descending order is: fruit branch length(FBL), boll number per plant(BN), boll opening rate(BOR), boll weight(BW), fiber micronaire(FM), fiber strength(FS), lint percentage(LP), fiber length(FL), flowering time(FT), fruit branch angle(FBA), fiber elongation(FE), and fiber uniformity(FU). By cluster analysis, these cultivars were divided into four groups: Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ, which were the population of high fiber quality, early maturity, loose plant type and high yield, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that early maturity was negatively correlated with yield and fiber quality related to traits, while the yield related to traits were positively correlated with the fiber quality traits, and most of them reached significant or extremely significant level. The 12 main traits were simplified into four principal components which h

关 键 词：陆地棉 早熟 产量 纤维品质 株型 西北内陆棉区 育种演化 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]