西南喀斯特区土壤侵蚀研究进展  

Research progress of soil erosion in karst areas of southwest China

作　　者：李成芳 王忠诚[2] 李振炜[3,4] 徐宪立[3,4] LI Chengfang;WANG Zhongcheng;LI Zhenwei;XU Xianli(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha,Hunan 410004,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Huanjiang,Guangxi 547100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [3]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [4]中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,广西环江547100

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2022年第6期962-974,共13页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41730748)、面上项目(41977073);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2020359)。

摘　　要：西南喀斯特区土层浅薄、成土速率低等特点决定了其允许土壤流失量小,土壤一旦流失,极难恢复,土壤侵蚀及其造成的石漠化现象已成为制约该区可持续发展最严重的生态环境问题。文章首先明晰西南喀斯特区土壤侵蚀特征,从坡面、小流域和区域三个尺度上系统概括西南喀斯特区土壤侵蚀的相关研究进展。针对当前喀斯特区土壤侵蚀研究野外径流小区、小流域及区域空间尺度数据缺少和相关研究模型限制性强等不足,建议从不同尺度深入研究喀斯特区土壤侵蚀发生发展规律及时空演化格局,并结合高新遥感、地球物理探测技术及模型,同步监测坡面—小流域—区域土壤流失,对土壤侵蚀进行定量评估,结合不同空间尺度土壤侵蚀特征构建系统性水土保持生态恢复治理模式和监测系统评价体系。As one of the largest contiguous karst areas in the world, southwest China is characterized by shallow soil layer and low rate of soil formation. The very low tolerance of soil loss in this area may lead to the extreme difficulty in the recovery of soil layer once lost. Therefore, soil erosion and its effects such as the rocky desertification have become the most serious problem of ecological environment, restricting the sustainable development of the karst area.The purpose of this study is to review the characteristics of soil and water loss at different scales, identify the limitations of different evaluation methods for soil erosion, and to predict the future research on the soil erosion in karst areas of southwest China.Firstly, according to plenty of research data about soil erosion in karst areas at home and abroad, the characteristics of soil and water loss in karst areas are expounded at various spatial scales such as slope, small watershed, and region. Additionally, the characteristics of soil erosion in karst areas and non-karst areas are compared at these three scales.The karst area is featured by a binary three-dimensional erosion system —runoff and sediment production processes at the slope scale and the sediment transport process at the watershed scale. At the slope scale, the effect of rainfall intensity and duration, underground fissure degree, slope, and bedrock exposure rate on soil erosion are investigated at both indoor and field runoff plots. However, because of the big difference between the experimental conditions of indoor rainfall simulation and natural conditions, it is essential to investigate the soil erosion characteristics at the field runoff plots. Meanwhile, the instability of rainfall intensity and the uneven distribution of fissure degree of underground pore also pose a challenge to the accurate quantification of the correlation between rainfall intensity, fissure degree of underground pore and sediment yield in the field runoff plots. Generally,radionuclide tracing technology

关 键 词：喀斯特 石漠化 土壤侵蚀 尺度 研究进展 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]