隐喻阐释紧缩论刍议:理论演进与学术突破  

On the Deflationary Account of Metaphor Interpretation

作　　者：孙毅 彭白羽 SUN Yi;PENG Bai-yu

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学外国语言学及应用语言学研究中心 [2]西安外国语大学翻译与跨文化研究院

出　　处：《天津外国语大学学报》2022年第6期1-14,108,共15页Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“当代隐喻学视域中多语种通用辞格认知研究”(21BYY001);广东省普通高校人文社会科学重点项目“汉语隐喻的形式表征与认知计算研究”(2019WZDXM021)。

摘　　要：传统修辞学、文学和哲学视域下的隐喻识解观只强调隐喻语言的独特性,依靠人类言语交际的编码-解码模式,片面认为隐喻是一种表意特例、一种偏离字面意义的阐释路径。然而,隐喻性阐释并非完全依赖代码编辑,而是凭借线索进行语境感知和推理的行为过程。新关联理论基于隐喻语言的交际语用观,进一步提出隐喻阐释紧缩论,将隐喻语言界定为一种松散性表述,其解读方式与其他所有松散句式(语义近似、范畴扩展、夸张表述等)保持一致,一律奉行关联认知和交际原则,形成字面/松散/夸张/隐喻的语义阐释连续统模式。两位学者指出,隐喻语言独具创意的诗性效应实则是通过一系列弱隐含义层层叠加而成。隐喻阐释紧缩论还原了隐喻言语交际的关联特性,回归其松散语义的阐释路径,开启了学界对隐喻阐释机制的纵深化实证性认知探究,具有理论价值和现实意义,为单纯关照跨域单向系统映射过程的主流概念隐喻理论带来了学术滋养和发展新进路。Most rhetorical, literary, and philosophical traditions emphasize both the importance and distinctiveness of metaphor. Combined with the coding-decoding model of human verbal communication, it should be pinpointed that linguistic metaphors are not a natural kind to be interpreted as a deviation from the literal meaning. However, metaphorical interpretation does not completely rely upon code editing, but upon the cluebased context-sensitive and inferential process. Therefore, derived from the communicative pragmatic view of metaphorical language, New Relevance Theory further puts forward the deflationary account of metaphors which defines metaphorical language as a “loose talk”. Like all the other loose use of language(approximation, category extension, hyperbole, etc.), the metaphorical interpretation follows the same relevancebased inferential process as simply a range of cases at one end of a continuum that includes literal, loose, and hyperbolic interpretations. Besides, it is noted that the poetic effect of metaphorical language is generated through the cognitive effects conveying a wide plethora of weak implicatures. The deflationary account of metaphors is obtained by the relevance principle of verbal communication conducting a regression to the interpreting process of loose cases, and initiates the empirical cognitive exploration of metaphor interpreting mechanism with tremendous theoretical and practical significance, offering academic nutrition and novel research path for the mainstream Conceptual Metaphor Theory which merely concentrates on unidirectional systematic mappings from the source domain onto the target domain.

关 键 词：隐喻语言 新关联理论 紧缩阐释 诗性效应 

分 类 号：H05[语言文字—语言学]