蔬菜废弃物低成本规模化沤肥技术及应用推广研究  

Studies on the low-cost and large-scale water-logged compost technology of vegetable waste and its application

作　　者：巩明明 文小兵 常芳红 GONE Mingming;WEN Xiaobing;CHANG Fanghong(Dingxi Agricultural Ecology and Resourse Protection Technology Extension Station,Dingxi 743000,China;Lintao Rural Energy Station,Dingxi 730500,China)

机构地区：[1]定西市农业生态与资源保护技术推广站,甘肃定西743000 [2]临洮县农村能源工作站,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《再生资源与循环经济》2023年第1期38-42,共5页Recyclable Resources and Circular Economy

基　　金：定西市科技计划项目(DX2021AZ03)。

摘　　要：研究针对蔬菜废弃物(尾菜)产生量大、周期短、处理成本高等问题,创新性提出尾菜低成本规模化沤肥技术模式,通过减量化沤肥和二次沤肥技术,沤制尾菜生物肥,探索最佳施肥方案,并在旱作区主要农作物种植上推广应用。研究表明,处理1 t尾菜成本平均为20~30元,1 t尾菜可以沤制200 kg尾菜生物肥;尾菜生物肥施用量达到30000 kg/km^(2)时,可以明显改善耕地土壤理化性状;按照最佳施肥方案施用尾菜生物肥,可以减少化肥用量600~750 kg/hm^(2),节约成本3750~4200元/km^(2)。研究处理方式简单易行、成本低、推广利用率高、群众易于接受,不仅达到了对尾菜资源化处理的目的,而且实现了化肥施用减量化,节约了种植成本,提高了农作物产量,显著改良了土壤理化环境,可以在旱作农业区主要农作物种植上大面积推广应用。In view of the problem of large production of vegetable waste,short cycle and high processing cost,this paper innovatively provided a low-cost and large-scale water-logged compost technology of vegetable waste.Furthermore,it explored the best fertilization plan by reducing compost and second repeating compost technology of vegetable waste,and application and promotion of crop planting in dry cropping areas.The study indicated that the average cost of retting vegetable waste per ton is 20 to 30 yuan,and each ton of vegetable waste can ret 200 kg of vegetable waste bio-fertilizer;The soil physical and chemical properties improved obviously when the application amount of biofertilizer was up to 30000 kg/km^(2);According to the optimal biofertilizer fertilization plan for vegetable waste,the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced by 600 to 750 kg/hm^(2),and the cost can be saved by 3750 to 4200 yuan/km^(2).The method in this study is simple,low cost,high use efficiency and promotion,and is easily accepted by the masses.It can not only achieve the purpose of resource treatment of vegetable waste,but also realize the reduction of chemical fertilizer application,save planting cost,improve crop yield,significantly improve the soil physical and chemical environment,which can be widely promoted and applied in main crop planting of arid agricultural areas.

关 键 词：尾菜生物肥 资源化利用 低成本规模化沤肥 土壤改良 节本增收 化肥减量化 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]