探空和毫米波云雷达探测云高一致性的时空匹配原则研究  

A Study on the Principle of Space-time Matching for the Detection of Cloud Height Consistency by Radiosonde and Millimeter-Wave Cloud Radar

作　　者：王瑾 张镭[2] 杜韬[2] 李燕[1,6] 岳治国 李金辉[1,6] 周旭[4,5] 陈闯[3,6] 丁婕 WANG Jin;ZHANG Lei;DU Tao;LI Yan;YUE Zhiguo;LI Jinhui;ZHOU Xu;CHEN Chuang;DING Jie(Center of Weather Modification of Shaanxi Province,Xi'an 710016,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education,College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province,Xi'an 710016,Shaanxi,China;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratoryof Eco-Environment and Meteorology for the Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateaue,Xi'an 710016,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省人工影响天气中心,陕西西安710016 [2]半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]陕西省气象科学研究所,陕西西安710016 [4]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [5]中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室,北京100081 [6]陕西省气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室,陕西西安710016

出　　处：《高原气象》2022年第5期1348-1366,共19页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0601704);国家重大科研仪器研制项目(41627807);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-966);中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室开放课题(2020Z007);陕西省气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室面上课题(2020G-12);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020SF-429,2021ZDLGY09-09);西北区域人影科学试验研究项目(RYSY201905,RYSY201909)。

摘　　要：利用探空检验毫米波云雷达的测云能力时,探空气球的漂移偏差造成二者观测的误差不可忽视.因此,在二者探测云结构对比时,提出筛选二者样本的时间匹配和空间匹配原则,可有效减小探空气球漂移偏差引起的误差.通过分析西安泾河气象站2017年8月17日至2018年12月31日长达508天的探空和毫米波云雷达观测的共406组云底和云顶高度样本,结果表明,同时使用时间和空间匹配原则筛选探空和云雷达的云高样本时,二者观测的相关系数显著提高,有效减小探空漂移引起的误差.二者观测的云底和云顶高度的相关系数分别从未使用时空匹配原则筛选样本的0.70和0.66提高到0.98和0.97,均方根误差分别从未使用的2009 m和2148 m减小到602 m和708 m,平均绝对百分误差分别从未使用的47%和47%降低到14%和9%.筛选样本时仅使用时间匹配原则就可以大幅提高二者观测云底高度的相关系数,平均相关系数从未使用的0.35提高至0.86,时间匹配原则筛选样本对于提高二者观测云底高度的一致性非常有效.在筛选二者观测云顶高度时,必须同时使用时间和空间匹配原则才能有效提高二者观测一致性.无论有没有使用时空匹配原则筛选样本,探空观测到的云底和云顶高度均比云雷达观测到的高.另外,探空和云雷达观测的云底和云顶高度的相关系数不随二者相对距离的增大而减小.研究结果有助于评估毫米波云雷达对云宏观垂直结构的探测能力.When comparing the consistency of the cloud vertical structure detected by L-band radiosonde and millimeter-wave cloud radar,the observation error caused by the drift deviation of radiosonde balloon shouldn’t be ignored.Therefore,the principle of time matching and space matching of screening the samples is put forward which can effectively reduce it.By analyzing a total of 406 pairs of cloud base and top height samples observed by radiosonde and cloud radar at Xi’an Jinghe Meteorological Station over a period of 508 days from August 17,2017 to December 31,2018.The results showed that when using the principle of time and space matching to screen cloud height samples,the correlation coefficients of them were significantly improved and the errors caused by the balloon drifting were effectively reduced.The correlation coefficients of the cloud base/top height samples increased from 0.70/0.66 to 0.98/0.97 by using the time matching and space matching principle,and the mean square root errors decreased from 2009 m/2148 m to 602 m/708 m,and the mean absolute percentage errors reduced from 47%/47%to 14%/9%.Using only the time matching principle can greatly improve the correlation coefficients of cloud base height samples,which average value increased from 0.35 to 0.86.When filtering the cloud top heights,the principle of time and space matching must be used at the same time to effectively improve the consistency of the two observations.Whether or not the time and space matching principle are used to select the samples,the cloud base and top heights observed by radiosonde are higher than those observed by cloud radar.In addition,the correlation coefficients of the cloud base and top height samples do not decrease with the increase of their relative distances.

关 键 词：毫米波云雷达 L波段无线电探空 云垂直结构 一致性对比 时间匹配 空间匹配 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]