1956-1961年间英国对科威特政策转变考察  

The Changes of British Policy towards Kuwait from 1956 to 1961

作　　者：郭隽骛高 张来仪[1] GUO Juanwugao;ZHANG Laiyi

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学历史文化学院,510631

出　　处：《历史教学问题》2022年第5期101-109,100,192,共11页History Research And Teaching

摘　　要：英国对科威特政策受其在海湾地区主要国家利益转变的影响。二战后,以石油为核心的经济利益成为英国对科政策的决定性因素。1956年爆发的苏伊士运河危机是英国海湾政策的重要转折点。此后,英国在科威特的特殊地位遭遇了阿拉伯民族主义高涨、伊拉克政局变动、萨巴赫家族离心等不利因素的挑战。由于用以防卫科威特的军事力量不足等原因,英国政府不得不以放弃对科威特的政治控制为代价来最大限度地保全其在科威特的经济利益。1961年英国同意科威特独立标志着英科之间找到了新的利益均衡点。作为“非对称性”国家关系下国与国交往的历史案例,1956—1961年间的英科关系演变为认识当代国际关系(尤其是大国与小国关系)提供了有益的启示。Britain’s policy towards Kuwait was influenced by its national interests in oil in the Gulf region after World War Ⅱ.The Suez Crisis in 1956 was an important turning point in British’s Gulf policy.Thereafter,Britain encountered many challenges in Kuwait,such as the anti-British emotion caused by Arabian nationalism,political changes in Iraq,separatist tendency of the Sabah family,etc.With insufficient forces to control Kuwait,the British government had to give up its political control over Kuwait to maintain its economic interests there.In 1961,Britain ’s approval of Kuwait’s independence marked the establishment of a new balance of interests between Britain and Kuwait.As a historical case of asymmetric state-to-state exchanges,the change of British-Kuwait relations from 1956 to 1961 may provide useful inspirations for understanding the contemporary international relations,especially the relations between big and small states.

关 键 词：英国 科威特 政策 非对称性 利益均衡 

分 类 号：K153[历史地理—历史学] D856.1[历史地理—世界史] D838.3[政治法律—政治学]