三峡水库运行后长江中下游分汊河段航道治理  

Waterway regulation of braided channel in middle and lower Yangtze River after Three Gorges Reservoir operation

作　　者：王致维 WANG Zhi-wei(Yangtze River Waterway Regulation Center,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江航道整治中心,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《水运工程》2023年第1期143-151,共9页Port & Waterway Engineering

摘　　要：三峡水库蓄水运行后,长江中下游分汊河段出现冲淤不平衡,汊道分流关系显著调整,从而导致航道浅滩碍航特性存在差异。在长江中下游分汊河段河床演变、浅滩碍航特性等研究基础上,探讨分汊河段航道治理思路,主要结论为:1)分汊河道浅滩段以冲刷为主,逐渐显现洲滩冲刷萎缩、滩槽形态不利调整等特征;2)分汊段的洪水主流汊道分流比减小,顺直分汊与弯曲分汊的洪水分流比下降幅度小于中枯水时期,而鹅头形分汊河型洪水分流比降幅大于中枯水;3)三峡水库蓄水后通航主汊道对分流的控制力度减弱,进口处出现交错或散乱的不良浅滩形态,航道条件趋于恶化而浅滩出浅碍航;4)分汊河段治理可采取分步控制,实施洲滩控导、边心滩塑造或支汊调控技术等整治措施,达到维持或提高航道尺度的目的。After the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir,the unbalanced erosion and deposition occurred in the bifurcation reaches of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and the bifurcation relationship was significantly adjusted,resulting in the difference of navigation-obstruction characteristics of the corresponding shoals.Based on the research of braided reach riverbed evolution and the navigation obstruction characteristics of the shoals in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,this paper discusses the channel management ideas of the braided reach.The main conclusions are as follows:1)The shallow reach of the braided river in middle and lower Yangtze River has occurred further scour depth after the impounding and operation of Three Gorges project,associating with the shrinks of bottomland and the adjustments in the characteristics of channels.2)The flood diversion ratio of the main stream in the branching section decreases,the flood diversion ratio falling ranges is less than low water for the bending and straight braided river,but the flood diversion ratio falling range is less than low water for the goose head shape braided river.3)The controlled intensity of the navigation main braided channel on distributaries tends to decline after Three Gorges Reservoir impoundment,the inlets of the navigation main braided channel often staggered or scattered bad shoals form,such as channel conditions deterioration,shallow shoal hinders navigation.4)To maintain or improve the channel scale,the branch reach can be controlled step by step,and the regulation measures such as beach control and guidance,edge and center beach shaping or branch control technology can be implemented.

关 键 词：三峡水库运行 分汊河道 航道整治 治理思路 长江中下游 

分 类 号：U617[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]