皇明异典:明代军籍豁除考论  

A Study of the Military Status Exemption in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：黄谋军 HUANG Moujun(Research Center of Wang Yangming,Gannan Normal University,Ganzhou341000,China)

机构地区：[1]赣南师范大学王阳明研究中心,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《安徽史学》2023年第1期38-44,共7页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“明代军户的科举及身份性变化研究”(21CZS027)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：明朝法律虽对军户世袭制度作了非常严格的规定,但在长时段实行过程中,形成了皇帝意志下的非时恩霍与一定程度上可供遵循的豁除常例,反映出明代户籍政策实践中的宽容与弹性。明代军籍身份虽整体上给军户家庭带来诸多负面影响,但在是否豁除军籍时,军户往往会权衡利弊;在乞求豁除军籍后,也通过各种方式表达出极大的感激之情。随着明代中后期商品经济的发展,均徭法和条鞭法先后在部分军卫余丁杂役中实行,但正军军役则始终未能实现以银代役。明朝统治者碍于祖制成宪,又因军籍制度兹事体大,故而更多地秉持“补偏救弊”之方,最终阻碍了法制上军籍的废除。Although the laws of the Ming Dynasty made very strict regulations on the hereditary system of military households,in the long-term implementation process,the emperor’s will formed the aperiodic grace and the exceptions that can be followed to a certain extent.It reflected the tolerance and flexibility of the rulers of the Ming Dynasty in the practice of household registration policy.Although the military status of the Ming Dynasty brought many negative effects to the military households as a whole,when the military households were excluded from the military status,they often showed some trade-offs.After begging for expulsion from the military,great gratitude was also expressed in various ways.With the development of the commodity economy in the middle and later period of Ming Dynasty,the equivalence method and the strip whip method have been implemented successively in some military and guard Yu Ding servants,but the military service of the main army has never been able to realize the substitution of silver for service.Due to the fact that the ancestors made a constitution and the military registration system was a big issue,the government of Ming Dynasty more adhered to the idea of small refinements,which ultimately hindered the abolition of military registration in the legal system.

关 键 词：明代 军籍豁除 军役 户籍 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]