不同绿肥防控烟草青枯病的机理  

Study on the mechanism of biological control of tobacco bacterial wilt with different green manures

作　　者：刘艳霞 张恒 姚云静 毛林昌 朱经伟 高维常 李蕾 李想 LIU Yanxia;ZHANG Heng;YAO Yunjing;MAO Linchang;ZHU Jingwei;GAO Weichang;LI Lei;LI Xiang(Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Upland Flue-Cured Tobacco Quality&Ecology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco,Guiyang 550000,Guizhou,China;Agricultural College of Guizhou University,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550000,Guizhou,China;Tongren City Company of Guizhou Tobacco Corporation,Tongren 563000,Guizhou,China;Guizhou Tobacco Compamy,CNTC,Guiyang 550000,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草科学研究院烟草行业山地烤烟品质与生态重点实验室,贵州贵阳550000 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550000 [3]贵州省烟草公司铜仁市公司,贵州铜仁563000 [4]中国烟草总公司贵州省公司,贵州贵阳550000

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第11期2326-2337,共12页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860597);贵州省科技计划(黔科合支撑[2018]2345);院士工作站(黔科合平台人才[2020]4004);中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(201808、2021XM18、201905、2022XM03)。

摘　　要：针对烟草青枯病[病原青枯菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)]对烟叶生产造成的危害,探索不同种类绿肥翻压对土壤青枯菌和微生物群落的影响,为生物防控烟草土传病害提供新的手段和方法。以适合西南烟区种植的15种绿肥为材料,利用盆栽生物模拟,筛选并验证能够抑制土壤中青枯菌数量的绿肥种类,采取超高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)、荧光定量PCR以及微生物高通量测序等技术,鉴定、分析绿肥根系分泌物主要物质种类和含量,并开展田间试验验证防控效果。结果表明:1)随着绿肥种植时间增加,土壤中青枯菌数量总体呈下降趋势,绿豆(Vigna radi)根系分泌物对青枯菌的抑制效果最明显,抑菌率达69.05%。2)二月兰(Orychophragmus violaceus)根系分泌物中的氨基酸总量最高,油菜(Brassica campestris)最低,绿豆的酪氨酸含量最高,比最低含量(油菜)高54.74%,二月兰的谷氨酸和丙氨酸含量明显高于其他绿肥,毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa)的丝氨酸含量比绿豆高33.19%。3)田间施用绿肥后,绿豆处理的青枯病防控率高达55.61%。4)对照(灭菌自来水接种劳尔氏菌)的根际土壤青枯菌相对丰度明显高于种植绿肥的土壤,分别是油菜、毛叶苕子、绿豆、二月兰的4.35、4.14、2.90和2.29倍,绿豆处理土壤中的α-变形菌属(Alphaproteobacteria)、粘细菌属(Haliangium)和克雷伯氏菌属(Klebsiella)相对丰度高于其他处理。5)绿肥处理的土壤在氨基酸代谢、转录代谢、复制和修复代谢等功能潜力上有所增强。研究表明,绿肥根系分泌物极大地影响吧土传病原菌数量,绿肥施用后土壤微生物群落结构和功能潜力发生变化,绿豆适宜生物防控青枯病,这为烟草青枯病的绿色防控提供了新的途径和方法。Tobacco bacterial wilt(Ralstonia solanacearum,Rs)causes severe damage to tobacco production in the Guizhou Province.The investigation of the effects of suppressing bacterial wilt pathogens and improving soil microbial activity of different types of green manure will provide new ideas and methods for controlling tobacco bacterial wilt.In this study,15green manures suitable for planting in southwestern tobacco areas were selected.A pot simulation experiment was conducted to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of green manure on Rs in soil.UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was employed to identify and analyze the type and quantity of amino acids in the root exudates of different green manures,and fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to study the effects of root exudates on the population of Rs.High-throughput sequencing of soil microbes was performed to reveal the soil microbial community structure and functional genes in field experiments.As planting time increased,the number of Rs in the soil showed a downward trend.The inhibitory effect of mung bean root exudate on Rs was the strongest,with an inhibitory rate of 69.05%.The content of amino acids in the root exudates of February orchid was higher than that in any other green manure,while the amino acid content in rape was the lowest.The mung bean treatment had the highest tyrosine content,which was 54.74%higher than that of the lowest(oil rape).Glutamic acid and alanine contents in February orchids were significantly higher than those in other green manures.In addition,the serine content of hairy vetch was 33.19%higher than that of mung beans.After green manure was applied in the field,the control efficacy of bacterial wilt in mung bean treatments was as high as 55.61%.The relative abundance of Rs in the control rhizosphere soil was significantly higher than those in the green manure-planted soil,which were 4.35,4.14,2.90,and 2.29 times that of rape,hairy vetch,mung bean,and February orchid,respectively.The relative abundances ofα-Proteobacteria,Haliangium,and Klebsiella were higher

关 键 词：绿肥 烟叶生产 青枯病生物防控 茄科劳尔氏菌 根系分泌物 土壤微生物群落结构 功能基因 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]