辣木籽对奶牛体外产气量、瘤胃发酵以及瘤胃降解特性的影响  

Study of in vitro gas production,rumen fermentation,and rumen degradation characteristics of Moringa Oleifera seed in dairy cows

作　　者：吉慧敏 谭德金 王阔鹏 马钱波 詹康[1] 程秀花[1] 林淼[1] JI Huimin;TAN Dejin;WANG Kuopeng;MA Qianbo;ZHAN Kang;CHENG Xiuhua;LIN Miao(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《草业科学》2022年第11期2442-2452,共11页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS36);江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目(SJCX21_1618)。

摘　　要：选取3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物。采用尼龙袋法测定2、4、8、12、16、24、36、48和72 h辣木籽仁(MOSK)和辣木籽壳(MOSS)的瘤胃降解率,同时测定过瘤胃(RUP)小肠消化率。由于MOSS在瘤胃的降解率较低,因此将MOSK和全混合日粮(TMR)混合作为体外发酵底物,分别测定MOSK:TMR为0:100(A)、20:80(B)、40:60(C)、60:40(D)、80:20(E)和100:0(F)6个处理组的发酵参数、产气量和甲烷(CH4)产量。结果表明,MOSK组干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解率和瘤胃参数显著高于MOSS组(P<0.05)。MOSK和MOSS的RUP小肠消化率无显著差异(P>0.05)。体外发酵结果显示,pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)、丁酸和异丁酸含量均随MOSK添加比例的增加而显著增加(P<0.05),对微生物蛋白(MCP)和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)无显著影响(P>0.05)。气体产量和CH4产量结果显示,随着MOSK的增加,气体产量和CH4积累量均呈下降趋势。综上所述,与MOSS相比,MOSK在瘤胃的营养物质降解较好,且高添加水平的MOSK对瘤胃发酵和CH4产量有显著的抑制作用。This study involved three dry non-lactating Chinese Holstein cows with a permanent rumen fistula as experimental animals.The ruminal degradation rates of Moringa oleifera seed kernel(MOSK)and M.oleifera seed shell(MOSS)were determined using the nylon bag technique at 2,4,8,12,16,24,36,48,and 72 h.The time period and the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein(RUP)were also measured.Due to the low ruminal degradation rate of MOSS,MOSK/total mixed ration(TMR)was used as a substrate for in vitro fermentation.The fermentation parameters,gas production,and methane(CH4)production were determined for the following six treatment groups:0:100(A),20:80(B),40:60(C),60:40(D),80:20(E),and 100:0(F).The results showed that the rumen degradation rates and rumen degradation parameters of dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM),crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),and acid detergent fiber(ADF)were significantly higher in the MOSK group than the MOSS group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in intestinal digestibility between the MOSK and MOSS groups(P>0.05).In vitro fermentation results showed that the p H value and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N),butyrate,and isobutyrate contents increased significantly with an increase in the percentage of MOSK addition(P<0.05).However,no significant effects on microbial protein or total volatile fatty acid content were observed(P>0.05).The results for both gas and CH4production showed a decreasing trend with the addition of MOSK.In conclusion,MOSK showed better nutrient rumen degradation than MOSS,and increased MOSK addition significantly inhibited rumen fermentation and methane production.

关 键 词：辣木籽仁 辣木籽壳 尼龙袋法 小肠消化率 体外发酵 发酵特性 甲烷产量 

分 类 号：S823.5[农业科学—畜牧学]