“叙资”与“带禄”:两晋南朝郡县守令的两种品位功能及其消长  

“Promotion”and“Salary Raise”:The Increase and Decrease of the Two Functions of the Personnel Rank of the Commandery Governor and the District Magistrate in Jin and Southern Dynasties

作　　者：庞博 PANG BO

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系

出　　处：《社会科学》2022年第12期62-74,共13页Journal of Social Sciences

摘　　要：“叙资”与“带禄”是附丽于中国古代行政职位之上的两种重要品位功能。西晋以降形成的重视内官的选官格局,导致郡县守令职位在官僚迁转体系中处于边缘地位,使得守令的“叙资”功能持续低落;东晋以降形成的财政、军事格局,则使得官员普遍为求取俸禄而出任郡县,朝廷为给官员发放俸禄而除授郡县,守令的“带禄”功能持续高涨。“叙资”与“带禄”的消长过程并非彼此孤立,守令“带禄”功能的高涨进一步触发了其本身“叙资”功能的低落,也使得原本出自军事考量的僚佐带督府下辖守令、在京官员遥带守令这两类制度现象,在南朝演变为官员“带禄”的重要方式。此外,发生在守令职位之上的品位功能消长,还影响了南朝十八班的官阶面貌。“Promotion”and“Salary Raise”were two important functions of the Personnel Rank attached to administrative positions in ancient China.The pattern of the official selection since the Western Jin Dynasty emphasizing the officials of the central government pushed the positions of the commandery governor and the district magistrate to the margin of the bureaucratic transfer system,which constantly diminished their“promotion”function.Furthermore,the financial and military pattern since the Eastern Jin Dynasty propelled a widespread pursuit of the positions of the commandery governor and the district magistrate for the sake of salary raises.The imperial court also appointed officials to these positions in order to grant stipends.As a result,the function of“salary raise”increased.The increase and the decrease were closely related,that is to say,the increase in the“salary raise”function provided an impetus to the decrease in the“promotion”function.On account of that,the two institutional phenomena——the staff in the area command served concurrently as subordinate commandery governors or district magistrates,and the capital officials served concurrently as commandery governors or district magistrates from afar.The positions of the both kinds which were originally set up out of military considerations,gradually became important approaches to the“salary raise”.In addition,the increase and decrease of the functions also affected the official ranks of the eighteen-degree official system in the Southern Dynasties.

关 键 词：郡县守令 品位功能 等级管理 两晋南朝 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]