楷模伦理与完美心态:以儒释道共有之伦理特质为例  

Model Ethics and Perfect Mentality:Taking the Common Ethical Characteristics of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism as an Example

作　　者：李向平[1] LI Xiangping

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会学系暨宗教与社会研究中心

出　　处：《社会科学》2022年第12期141-151,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色宗教社会学话语体系及其本土知识结构研究”(项目编号:18ZDA230);上海市教育委员会科创计划重大项目“中华文明信仰与当代中国心态秩序重建”(项目编号:2019-01-07-00-05-E00011)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：儒释道三教的伦理特质可谓以“心教”为核心,把圣人效仿天,其“心与天交”的模式延伸到现实世界中庶民大众对于三教圣人道德的模仿,视之为世间最完美的楷模伦理。从“天生德于予”的孔子,到“君子之德风也,小人之德草也”“君子以为文,百姓以为神”的神圣差异,被《白虎通》总结和定义为“上行下效曰教”,因此促成儒释道三教借助于圣人行而众生效仿的模式强化了“心教”所固有的价值秩序,实现了圣人楷模和现实底线伦理间的总体整合功能。依此,圣人之心及其道德模仿便能很轻松地抹去“应然”与“实然”之间的差异和矛盾,建构、呈现为天地人浑然一体和所有人成圣、成道、成佛的完美心态。“Mind-Teaching”is the central ethical characteristic of the three main Chinese religions,known as Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.Its logic is to extend the pattern of sage imitating heaven and the interactive mode of“mind-to-heaven”to common people’s imitating of the morality of sages of these three religionsin the world of reality,and to regard it as the most ideal ethical model.From Confucius,who was“born with virtue in giving by heaven”,to the sacreddifference of“The virtue of a gentleman is like the wind while the virtue of the villain is like grass”,“The gentleman thinks of ceremony,and the common people think of God”,all they can strengthens the inherent value order of“Mind-Teaching”by the model of sages acting and all imitating,so that it was summed up and defined by Baihutong as“Teaching is superiors acting with inferiors following”.Through this characteristic,it derives the overall integration function between sage models and realistic bottom line ethics.At last,the sage’s mind and its moral imitation can easily erase the differences and contradictions between“oughtness”and“fact”,and construct itself as the one of heaven,earth,and man,as well as present the ideal mentality of all people with sanctification,enlightenment,and Buddhahood.

关 键 词：楷模伦理 完美心态 道德能力 上行下效 

分 类 号：B92[哲学宗教—宗教学]