振兴中西部高等教育路在何方?——高校对口支援效果评估  

How to Revitalize Higher Education in the Central and Western Regions:Effectiveness Evaluation of the Education Pairing Assistance in Higher Education

作　　者：曹宇莲 哈巍[1] CAO Yulian;HA Wei(Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育经济研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2022年第12期73-79,93,共8页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“大学与地方经济增长:基于新建校区的准实验研究”(72074010);教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“经济高质量发展下教育资源配置研究”;教育部政策法规司委托课题“党的十九大以来全球重要教育理念、政策和事件研究”(JYBZF2022204)的研究成果。

摘　　要：对口支援是中国特色的国家治理机制之一,在扶贫事业、抢险救灾和疫情防控等方面发挥了重要作用。教育是对口支援的重要场域,其中2001年开始实施的高校对口支援已成为一项长期、稳定的中国特色教育帮扶措施。基于1994—2018年《高等学校科技统计资料汇编》和《全国高校社科统计资料汇编》,通过双向固定效应模型发现:第一,高校对口支援对受援高校师资队伍建设影响显著,对口支援使得受援高校的师资队伍规模增加了5.92%~23.58%,高级职称比例显著提高了1.99~4.69个百分点。第二,对口支援对受援高校的科研能力有一定正向影响,但提升效果还比较有限。第三,对口支援对受援高校的社会服务能力影响显著,科技横向经费显著增加37.43%~52.38%。第四,对口支援是一项长期工程,其效果至少需要3年时间才能显现。第五,相较于简单增加支援高校数量“,团队式”支援更能提高对口支援效果。Pairing assistance is one of the national governance mechanisms with Chinese characteristics,and has played an important role in poverty alleviation,emergency rescue,disaster relief,and epidemic prevention and control.The Education Pairing Assistance(EPA)is one of the important contents of the pairing assistance.The EPA in higher education,which has been implemented since 2001,has become a long-term and stable educational support measure with Chinese characteristics.Based on The Compilation of Scientific and Technological Statistics of Chinese Higher Education and The Compilation of Social Science Statistics of Chinese Higher Education from 1994to 2018,this paper uses a two-way fixed effect model to find that,first,the EPA in higher education has a significant impact on the faculty.The EPA in higher education significantly increased the number of faculty by5.92%~23.58%,and increased the proportion of faculty with high-professional title by 1.99~4.69 percentage points.Second,the EPA in higher education has a positive,yet limited,impact on the scientific research capacity of the assisted universities.Third,the EPA in higher education boosted the ability of the assisted universities to serve the economy and society at large,as the horizontal funding for science and technology significantly increased by37.43%~52.38%.Fourth,the EPA in higher education is a long-term project,with effects taking at least three years to be discerned.Fifth,compared with simply increasing the number of supporting universities,“team”support can heighten the effect of the EPA in higher education.

关 键 词：对口支援 教育均衡化 师资队伍 科研能力 社会服务 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]