论数字货币的法律性质——一个类型化分析视角  

Legal Expression of Crypto Currencies——A Typological Analysis Perspective

作　　者：吴烨 Wu Ye(School of Law,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学法学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《科技与法律（中英文）》2023年第1期21-28,38,共9页Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目“智能合约风险防范的私法问题研(21BFX079)”;教育部人文社会科学研究基金资助项目“关系契约视角下智能合约的私法构造研究(20YJC820050)”。

摘　　要：数字货币问题丛生,学术界应当澄清法定数字货币与民间数字货币的根本差异,回归至法学理论框架中,展开对数字货币的类型化和体系化解释。唯经法定程序的数字货币,才被赋予法律拟制的性质,并彻底脱离原始的商品功能,成为真正意义上的货币;民间数字货币不具有法律拟制性,无法被归入货币,但因其具有“准资产证券化”色彩,可能成为民事主体的合法财产及交易标的。立法者应禁止民间数字货币试图替代法币的行为,监管者应警惕由民间数字货币衍生的非法交易。但是,不能因此否定数字货币的财产属性,当数字货币持有人在遭受实际财产损失时,可以向交易相对方甚至平台提供者主张损害赔偿。The crypto currencies market is in chaos,legal scholars should face up to the essential differences between legal crypto currencies and private digital currencies,and return to the legal framework to talk about the typological and systematic interpretation of crypto currencies.Only through Legal provision,crypto currency is endowed with the nature of legal fiction which makes it detach from the commodity function completely and become real currency.Since private crypto currency doesn’t have the legal fiction,it is not legal currency,but the attribute of "Quasi-asset Securitization" makes private crypto currency the legal property and transaction object of the civil subject.legislators should prohibit private crypto currency from replacing legal currency,and regulators should be on guard against illegal transactions derived from private crypto currency.However,we can’t deny the property attributes of private crypto currency and when the holders of crypto currency suffers actual property loss,damages can be claimed against the counterparty or even the platform provider.

关 键 词：数字货币 金融商品 比特币 区块链 虚拟财产 

分 类 号：DF438[政治法律—经济法学]