西南某地区消防员心理健康现状调查  

Investigation on current situation of firefighters’ mental health in a certain area in Southwest China

作　　者：胡书威 原小惠 李琳 杨勇 龙治有 彭娟 HU Shu-wei;YUAN Xiao-hui;LI Lin;YANG Yong;LONG Zhi-you;PENG Juan(Graduate School,Zunyi Medical College,Zunyi Guizhou,563000,China;School of Management Department of Medical Psychology,Zunyi Medical College,Zunyi Guizhou,563000,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学研究生院,贵州遵义563000 [2]遵义医科大学管理学院医学心理学教研室,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《职业与健康》2022年第23期3225-3229,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的 了解西南某地区消防员的心理健康现状并探讨相关因素,为其心理健康教育和干预提供参考依据。方法 2021年8—9月,采用症状自评量表(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、社会支持评定量表(social support rate scale,SSRS)和应对方式评定量表(coping style questionnaire,CSQ)对西南某地区在职的106名消防员进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 西南某地区消防员SDS和SAS中抑郁和焦虑检出率分别为28.3%(30/106)和17.0%(18/106);SCL-90偏执和精神病状得分为(1.53±0.48)和(1.35±0.39)分,均低于军人常模[(1.43±0.57)和(1.29±0.41)分],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑和恐怖得分分别为(1.61±0.42)、(1.77±0.52)、(1.65±0.47)、(1.52±0.51)和(1.36±0.38)分,均高于全国常模[(1.37±0.38)、(1.62±0.58)、(1.50±0.59)、(1.39±0.43)和(1.23±0.41)分],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);采用成熟型应对方式的消防员躯体化、强迫、抑郁和焦虑得分分别为(1.27±0.43)、(1.55±0.38)、(1.53±0.39)和(1.31±0.44)分,均低于不成熟应对方式的消防员[(1.86±0.41)、(1.98±0.44)、(1.74±0.43)和(1.76±0.42)分],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);有较好社会支持的消防员人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对和恐怖得分分别为(1.55±0.38)、(1.46±0.39)、(1.42±0.41)、(1.30±0.44)和(1.26±0.29)分,均低于较差社会支持的消防员[(1.95±0.40)、(1.84±0.37)、(1.66±0.42)、(1.76±0.46)和(1.43±0.31)分],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 被调查地区消防员心理健康水平高于全国军人常模水平,但低于全国正常成人常模水平,且抑郁和焦虑检出率较高。采用成熟型应对方式和具有较好社会支持的消防员心理健康水平更佳。Objective To understand the mental health status of firefighters in a certain area of Southwest China and explore related factors to provide reference for their mental health education and intervention. Methods The symptom checklist 90(SCL-90),self-rating depression scale(SDS),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),social support rating scale(SSRS) and coping style questionnaive(CSQ) were used to investigate and analyze all 106 firefighters working in the district from August to September2021. Results The detection rates of depression and anxiety in SDS and SAS of firefighters in this area were 28.3%(30/106) and17.0%(18/106),respectively. Their SCL-90 paranoia and psychotic symptoms scores were(1.53±0.48) and(1.35±0.39)points respectively,which were lower than the military norm[(1.43±0.57) and(1.29±0.41)points ],and the differences were statistically significant(both P<0.05). The the scores of somatization,obsession,depression,anxiety and terror were(1.61±0.42),(1.77±0.52),(1.65±0.47),(1.52±0.51) and(1.36±0.38)points,respectively,which were all higher than the national norm[(1.37±0.38),(1.62±0.58),(1.50±0.59),(1.39±0.43) and(1.23±0.41)points],and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The scores of somatization, compulsion,depression and anxiety of firefighters with mature coping styles were(1.27±0.43),(1.55±0.38),(1.53±0.39) and(1.31±0.44)points,respectively,which were all lower than those of firefighters with immature coping styles[(1.86±0.41),(1.98±0.44),(1.74±0.43) and(1.76±0.42)points],and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The scores of interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility and terror of firefighters with good social support were(1.55±0.38),(1.46±0.39),(1.42±0.41),(1.30±0.44) and(1.26±0.29),respectively,which were all lower than those of firefighters with poor social support[(1.95±0.40),(1.84±0.37),(1.66±0.42),(1.76±0.46) and(1.43±0.31)points],and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusions The

关 键 词：消防员 心理健康 应对方式 社会支持 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]