HIV感染的血清学检测技术与应用研究进展  

Advances in technology and application of serological tests for HIV infection

作　　者：韩晓旭 张鑫 许晓蕾 孙金 闫红霞 王秀雯 张彤[1] 金聪[2] 粟斌[1] Han Xiaoxu;Zhang Xin;Xu Xiaolei;Sun Jin;Yan Hongxia;Wang Xiuwen;Zhang Tong;Jin Cong;Su Bin(Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research,Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases,Beijing Youan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China;STD/AIDS Control Center,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院感染性疾病临床研究中心,艾滋病研究北京市重点实验室,北京100069 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心,北京102206

出　　处：《中华实验和临床病毒学杂志》2022年第6期732-738,共7页Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金重点研究专题项目(Z220018);北京市卫生系统高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目(2022-2-018);国家自然科学基金项目(81974303);艾滋病研究北京市重点实验室(BZ0089)。

摘　　要：HIV感染是全球公共卫生事业面临的严峻挑战。及时准确的早期诊断和尽早启动抗反转录病毒治疗,能够有效遏制病毒传播并改善患者免疫功能,从而改善患者预后,降低患者的住院及死亡率。高效敏感的检测是实现HIV感染早期诊断的前提,也是艾滋病疫情防控工作中的重点。血清学检测一直以来是应用最为广泛的HIV感染检测技术,但由于传统的抗体检测技术难以及时准确的检测HIV急性感染,限制了HIV感染的早期诊断。近年来,新型HIV抗原抗体联合检测、生物传感器等多种新型检测技术灵敏度高,显著缩短了HIV感染诊断的窗口期,为HIV早期诊断带来新的希望。本文对HIV感染的血清学检测技术原理、适用范围及应用前景进行综述,以期为发展HIV感染的新型检测策略提供参考。HIV infection is a serious challenge to global public health.Timely and accurate early diagnosis and early initiation of antiretroviral therapy can effectively resist the spread of the virus,and improve the immune function of HIV-infected patients,thereby improve patients′outcomes and reduce patients′hospitalization and mortality.Efficient and sensitive testing is a prerequisite for early diagnosis of HIV infection and is also a focus in the prevention and control of HIV epidemics.Serologic testing has been the most widely used HIV detection technology till now.However,it has been difficult for the traditional antibody detection technology to detect HIV acute infection in a timely and accurate manner and therefore restricted the early diagnosis of HIV infection.In recent years,a variety of new detection technologies,such as HIV antigen/antibody combined detection and biosensors,with their high sensitivity,have significantly shortened the window period for the diagnosis of HIV infection,bringing new hope for early diagnosis of HIV.This paper reviews the principle,scope of application,and application prospect of serological detection technology for HIV infection and provides a reference for the development of new HIV testing strategies.

关 键 词：HIV 感染 血清学检测 抗体 P24抗原 生物传感器 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]