提升生态系统质量和稳定性的生态学原理及技术途径之探讨  

Discussion on the ecological theory and technological approaches of ecosystem quality improvement and stability enhancement

作　　者：于贵瑞[1,2] 王永生 杨萌[1,2] YU Gui-rui;WANG Yong-sheng;YANG Meng(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第1期1-10,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：美丽中国生态文明建设科技工程专项(XDA23070301,XDA23020202);国家自然科学基金项目(31988102)资助。

摘　　要：提升生态系统质量和稳定性是国家生态环境建设的迫切任务,但生态系统质量及其稳定性的生态学原理是亟待阐述的生态学难题。本文在梳理生态系统质量和稳定性的影响因素及其相互作用关系基础上,从生物集聚与结构嵌套的自组织、生态要素关联及生态过程耦合、生态系统整体性及功能涌现、生态服务外溢及功效权衡、资源供给能力和环境适宜性的协同互作、自然变化和人类活动交互影响等视角,论述了生态系统质量及其稳定性演变的生态学原理,并围绕生态系统宏观格局调整、自然保护地体系建设、区域复合生态系统综合管理、退化生态系统恢复、受损生态系统重建、典型生态系统过程管理等层级,提出了提升生态系统质量及其稳定性的技术途径与管理策略。Improving ecosystem quality and stability is one of the urgent tasks of national ecological environment construction.However,the ecological theory of ecosystem quality and stability has not been well clarified.Based on the summary of influencing factors and interaction between ecosystem quality and stability,we discussed the ecolo-gical theory on the evolution of ecosystem quality and stability from the perspectives of self-organization of biological agglomeration and structure nesting,correlation of ecological elements and coupling of ecological processes,ecosystem integrity and function emergence,ecological service spillover and efficiency tradeoff,synergy and interactions between resource supply capacity and environmental suitability,as well as interactions between spontaneous change and human activities.Technologies approaches and management strategies were proposed from the aspects of ecosystem macro-pattern adjustment,protected natural areas system construction,regional complex ecosystem comprehensive management,degraded ecosystem restoration,damaged ecosystem reestablishment,typical ecosystem process management.

关 键 词：生态文明建设 生态系统质量 生态系统稳定性 生态学原理 技术途径 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]