测墒补灌条件下施氮量对小麦开花后^(13)C同化物积累量和水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rate on the accumulation of ^(13)C assimilates after flowering and water-nitrogen use efficiency of wheat under supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture

作　　者：李传梁 于振文[1] 张娟 张永丽 石玉 LI Chuan-liang;YU Zhen-wen;ZHANG Juan;ZHANG Yong-li;SHI Yu(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Jining Yanzhou District Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Ji’ning 272106,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室/农业农村部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]济宁市兖州区农业技术推广中心,山东济宁272106

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第1期92-98,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172114,31771715);财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系”项目(CARS-03-18)资助。

摘　　要：为探究黄淮冬麦区测墒补灌节水条件下协同提高小麦产量和水氮利用效率的氮肥管理措施,以小麦品种‘烟农1212’为材料,在拔节期和开花期将各处理0~40 cm土层土壤相对含水量均补灌至70%条件下,设置3个施氮水平,即150(N_(1))、210(N_(2))和270 kg·hm^(-2)(黄淮冬麦区常规施氮量,N_(3)),研究施氮量对小麦开花后旗叶光合特性、^(13)C同化物积累与转运及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明:N_(2)和N_(3)处理开花后14~35 d旗叶光合能力显著高于N_(1)处理,N_(2)与N_(3)处理间差异不显著。^(13)C同位素示踪结果显示,N_(2)处理开花后营养器官^(13)C同化物转运量比N_(1)和N_(3)处理分别高12.1%和7.1%,成熟期^(13)C同化物在籽粒中的分配量比N_(1)和N_(3)处理分别高10.1%和5.3%。施氮量亦调节了小麦不同生育阶段的耗水量、耗水模系数和总耗水量,小麦全生育期耗水量表现为N_(2)与N_(3)处理无显著差异,但均显著高于N_(1)处理,N_(2)处理拔节至成熟期阶段耗水量和耗水模系数均较高。N_(2)处理水分利用效率比N_(3)和N_(1)处理分别高7.5%和4.8%,籽粒产量比N_(3)和N_(1)处理分别高4.7%和10.9%,氮肥偏生产力比N_(3)处理高34.6%。综合考虑小麦籽粒产量和水氮利用效率,施氮量为210 kg·hm^(-2)处理为研究区测墒补灌节水条件下的最佳施氮量。This study aimed to explore nitrogen fertilizer management measures to synergistically improve wheat yields and water and nitrogen use efficiency under supplemental irrigation based on soil moisture in the Huang Huai winter wheat area.Wheat variety“Yannong 1212”was used as the test material.There were three nitrogen application levels,150 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(1)),210 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(2)),and 270 kg·hm^(-2)(the conventional nitrogen application rate in the Huang Huai winter wheat area,N_(3)),with the relative soil water content of 0-40 cm of each treatment was supplemented to 70%at the jointing and flowering stages.We investigated the effects of nitrogen rates on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves after flowering,^(13)C assimilate accumulation and transport,and water and nitrogen use efficiency after flowering of wheat.The results showed that photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves in the N_(2) and N_(3) was significantly higher than that in N_(1)14-35 days after flowering,and that there was no significant diffe-rence between N_(2) and N_(3) treatments.The ^(13)C isotope tracing results showed that the translocation amount of ^(13)C assimilates in vegetative organs in N_(2) was 12.1%and 7.1%higher than that in N_(1) and N_(3),respectively.The distribution amount of ^(13)C assimilates in grains at maturity was 10.1%and 5.3%higher than that of N_(1) and N_(3),respectively.The amount of nitrogen fertilizer affected water consumption,water consumption proportion,and total water consumption in different growth stages of wheat.Water consumption during the whole growth period showed no difference between N_(2) and N_(3) treatments,but both were significantly higher than that for N_(1).Water consumption and water consumption proportion of N_(2) were higher from the jointing to maturity stages,water use efficiency of N_(2) was 7.5%and 4.8%,and grain yield was 4.7%and 10.9%higher than that of N_(3) and N_(1) treatments,respectively.The partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was 34.6%higher in the N_(2) than that

关 键 词：施氮量 小麦 ^(13)C同化物积累量 水氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]