施磷对鲜食甘薯产量、品质及磷利用效率的影响——以徐薯32为例  

Effects of phosphorus application on yield,quality and phosphorus use efficiency of edible sweetpotato:A case study of Xushu 32

作　　者：刘明 郑冬梅 靳容[1] 赵鹏 张强强 朱晓亚 王静[1] 唐忠厚[1] LIU Ming;ZHENG Dong-mei;JIN Rong;ZHAO Peng;ZHANG Qiang-qiang;ZHU Xiao-ya;WANG Jing;TANG Zhong-hou(Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality,Xuzhou 221131,Jiangsu,China;Chuzhou Agricultural and Rural Technology Extension Center,Chuzhou 239000,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所/国家土壤质量徐州观测实验站,江苏徐州221131 [2]滁州市农业农村技术推广中心,安徽滁州239000

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2023年第1期131-136,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-10,甘薯);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1001401-04);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2021311)资助。

摘　　要：为了探索适宜的磷肥用量,提高鲜食型甘薯的经济产量和磷肥利用率,以徐薯32为例,于2018—2019年进行两年的田间试验(土壤有效磷含量为31.70 mg·kg^(-1)),比较了不同施磷量对鲜食甘薯产量、品质、磷积累和磷利用效率的影响。试验设置5个施磷水平(P_(2)O_(5)),分别为0(P_(0))、25(P_(25))、50(P_(50))、75(P_(75))和100 kg·hm^(-2)(P_(100))。结果表明:1)与P_(0)相比,施磷显著提高了鲜薯产量和商品薯产量,以P_(75)处理最高,其次为P_(50)处理,两处理间差异不显著。2)施磷显著提高了薯块中淀粉和还原糖含量,在P_(50)处理下可溶性糖和蛋白质含量显著增加。3)在生育期90~120 d,施磷显著提高了甘薯的磷积累量和干物质积累量。4)磷表观利用率随着施磷量的增加而下降,磷农学效率则随着施磷量的增加先升后降,在P_(50)处理下显著高于其他处理。综合考虑鲜薯产量、品质、经济产量和磷肥利用率,本试验条件下P_(2)O_(5)的适宜用量为50 kg·hm^(-2)。To explore the appropriate amount of phosphorus(P)fertilizer and improve economic yield and P use efficiency of edible sweetpotato,we took Xushu 32 as an example and compared the effects of different P application rates on yield,quality,P accumulation and P use efficiency of edible sweetpotato based on a two-year field experiment(soil available P content was 31.70 mg·kg^(-1))from 2018 to 2019.There were five P application levels(P_(2)O_(5)),including 0(P_(0)),25(P_(25)),50(P_(50)),75(P_(75))and 100 kg·hm^(-2)(P_(100)).The results showed that,1)compared with P_(0),P application significantly increased the yield of fresh sweetpotao and commodity potato,with the effects being the stongest under P_(75) treatment,followed by P_(50) treatment.However,there was no significant difference between the two treatments.2)P application significantly increased the contents of starch and reducing sugar in storage root.The contents of soluble sugar and protein increased significantly under P_(50) treatment.3)Du-ring the growth period of 90 to 120 d,P fertilizer supply significantly increased P accumulation and dry matter accumulation of sweetpotato.4)The apparent P use efficiency(APUE)decreased with increasing P application rates,while P agronomic efficiency(PAE)increased first and then decreased with the increases of P application rates,which was significantly higher under P_(50) than other treatments.Taking into account the yield,quality,economic yield and P utilization rate of edible sweetpotato,the optimal dosage of P_(2)O_(5) is 50 kg·hm^(-2) under the experimental conditions.

关 键 词：鲜食甘薯 磷肥用量 商品薯产量 磷利用效率 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]