晚年恩格斯对实证主义思想的批判及其理论意义  

Engels’ Critique of Positivism in His Later Years and Its Theoretical Significance

作　　者：赵立 Zhao Li

机构地区：[1]南京大学马克思主义社会理论研究中心暨哲学系,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《马克思主义理论学科研究》2022年第12期58-66,共9页Studies on Marxist Theory

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“西方‘马克思学’形成和发展、意识形态本质及其当代走向研究”(13&ZD070)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：马克思主义不是一成不变的教条,而是始终面向时代的科学。马克思主义从不惮于同时代理论对手发起的挑战,更是在与理论对手的争锋中激活了自身的理论生长点,不断开辟时代化发展的新境界。面对杜林以实证主义思想对马克思主义理论发起的攻势,晚年恩格斯充分把握马克思主义的理论内涵,从哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义三个方面系统阐释马克思主义的科学理论,抵制和批判了以杜林为代表的实证主义思想;充分运用马克思主义的辩证思维和历史思维,深入挖掘马克思主义的科学内涵,清晰阐明科学技术与人类解放的关系问题,持续推进马克思主义的时代化发展。晚年恩格斯对实证主义的系统性和针对性批判,不仅使得西方学者将恩格斯归入实证主义者的理论“造谣”不攻自破,更是充分展现了马克思主义时代化发展的理论特质。Marxism is not an unchanging dogma,but a scientific theory that needs to constantly write a new chapter in its development of modernization.Marxism has never been ashamed of the challenges launched by its contemporaneous theoretical rivals,but has activated its own theoretical growth points in the struggle with them,and has constantly opened up new horizons of contemporary development.Faced with the impact of Dühring’s positivist ideas on Marxism’s theoretical guidance,Engels in his later years fully grasped the theoretical meaning of Marxism.On the one hand,he systematically explained the scientific theory of Marxism in three aspects:philosophy,political economy and scientific socialism,and resisted and criticized the positivist ideas represented by Diihring;on the other hand,he made full use of the dialectical and historical thinking of Marxism,deeply explored the scientific connotation of Marxism,clearly clarified the relationship between science and technology and human emancipation,and continuously promoted the development of Marxism.The contemporary development of Marxism.As a Marxist thinker and revolutionary who thinks for the times,Engels’ systematic and targeted criticism of positivism in his later years not only dispels the theoretical "rumors" of Western scholars who classify Engels as a positivist,but also fully demonstrates the theoretical qualities of the contemporary development of Marxism.

关 键 词：晚年恩格斯 实证主义 经济决定论 技术决定论 时代化发展 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]