中国奥运冠军临场表现影响因素的实证分析  

An Empirical Analysis of the Factors Affecting the Live Performance of the Chinese Olympic Champions

作　　者：胡海旭 毕晓婷[2] HU Haixu;BI Xiaoting(College of Sports Training,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Research Institute of Sports Science,Nanjing 210033,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京体育学院运动训练学院,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省体育科学研究所,江苏南京210033

出　　处：《上海体育学院学报》2023年第2期48-59,共12页Journal of Shanghai University of Sport

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BTY092)。

摘　　要：心理特征是影响运动员临场表现的关键因素。采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法,并将机器学习算法与经验知识相结合,对影响140名中国奥运冠军临场表现的远因进行综合分析发现,68.6%的奥运冠军在夺冠时正常表现,27.8%的奥运冠军须以超常或极为超常表现夺冠,另有3.6%的奥运冠军虽表现失常亦夺冠,且男女皆如此。引起上述临场表现差异的远因主要有:不同项群临场表现出不同的抑制与兴奋特点;受教育有利于形成运动智能与改变认知方式,受教育程度越高临场表现越好;参加国际大赛有利于积累大赛经验并转化为比赛能力,5次是一个转折点,但存在项群差异;教练员团队帮助运动员提升临场表现中的心理韧性,进而支持更好的临场表现。Psychological characteristics are the key factors affecting athletes’ live performance. The distant causes that affect live performance of 140 Chinese Olympic champions are focused on by the methods of literature review,questionnaire, interview, and machine learning algorithm combined with empirical knowledge. It is found that about 68.6% of the Chinese Olympic champions performed normally at the Olympic Games, while 27.8% needed extraordinary performance to win the championship. Besides, another 3.6% won the medal though they performed in error, and there was no difference between male and female. 4 variables of distant factors could be found to affect their live performance. The different event groups showed different inhibition and excitability. The education level is conducive to the formation of motor intelligence and the change of cognitive mode, the higher the education level, the better the live performance. The international competitions help accumulate competition experience and transform competition ability, 5 times being a turning point;but there are differences in event groups. The coaching team assists in improving the mental toughness of the live performance, which in turn supports better live performance.

关 键 词：中国奥运冠军 临场表现 远因 心理韧性 生命历程 机器学习 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练]