碳纳米管复合纤维素水凝胶的界面光热净水性能研究  

Preparation of carbon nanotube/cellulose hydrogel composites and their uses in interfacial solar-powered water evaporation

作　　者：王雪[1] 孙洋[1] 赵冠宇 王旭珍[1] 邱介山 WANG Xue;SUN Yang;ZHAO Guan-yu;WANG Xu-zhen;QIU Jie-shan(School of Chemical Engineering,State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals,Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116023,China;College of Chemical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学化工学院,精细化工国家重点实验室,辽宁省能源与材料化工重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]北京化工大学化学工程学院,北京100029

出　　处：《新型炭材料（中英文）》2023年第1期162-172,共11页New Carbon Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22179017)资助~~。

摘　　要：基于低温溶剂法从大宗农林废弃物玉米芯中提取的纤维素,耦合具有优异吸光性能的碳纳米管(CNTs),构筑复合纤维素水凝胶(CNTs-CH),利用纤维素凝胶的高保水性、可降解性,以及碳纳米管的高效光热转换能力、优良的力学性能和生物相容性,将其用于太阳能驱动界面水蒸发净化领域。考察了吸光材料CNTs的不同添加量对CNTs-CH复合水凝胶的太阳能吸收率、机械性能及界面光热水蒸发效率的影响。最优条件下,CNTs添加质量百分数仅需0.2%,此CNTsCH复合纤维素水凝胶的平均蒸发速率可达到~1.52 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),太阳能-蒸汽转换效率约为92%;在海水中连续蒸发8 h,蒸发速率可保持在1.37 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)左右,且无积盐现象,净化水质远高于世界卫生组织和美国环境保护署对饮用水的标准,说明CNTs-CH抗盐性能较强。此外,CNTs-CH水凝胶在强酸/碱性水溶液体系、染料废水和重金属离子污染水体中的蒸发速率可维持为1.30~1.40 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),太阳能-蒸汽效率可达到80%~86%,对污染物及盐分截留率高达99.9%,蒸发效果稳定,说明CNTs-CH光热蒸发器在海水淡化和工业废水净化回用领域有广阔的应用前景。Cellulose extracted from corncobs,a bulk agricultural waste product,by a solvent at-12℃,was composited with carbon nanotubes(CNTs)with excellent light absorption properties to construct CNT/cellulose hydrogel composites.Taking advantage of the superior water retention ability and degradability of cellulose hydrogels,and the high-efficiency solar-thermal conversion performance,excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility of CNTs,CNT/cellulose hydrogel composites are used in water purification by interfacial solar-powered evaporation.The effects of the addition of CNTs on the solar energy absorption,mechanical properties and interfacial solar-thermal water evaporation efficiency of the composites were investigated.With an optimum CNT content of 0.2 wt.%,the composite had an average evaporation rate of~1.52 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)and a solar-steam conversion efficiency of about 92%.After continuous evaporation in seawater for 8 h,the evaporation rate of the composite remained at about 1.37 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)without salt precipitation,indicating its strong resistance to salt.The quality of the purified water was superior to the WHO and EPA standards for drinking water.When the composite was used in concentrated acid/alkaline aqueous systems,dye wastewater and heavy metal ion polluted water,the evaporation rates remained in the range 1.30-1.40 kg m^(-2)h^(-1),and the solar-steam conversion efficiencies reached 80-86%.The retention rates for both organic pollutants and salt were as high as 99.9%,confirming the evaporation stability of the composite.This work indicates that an evaporator based on the composite has broad application prospects in the fields of seawater desalination and industrial wastewater purification.

关 键 词：生物质 玉米芯 纤维素水凝胶 碳纳米管 界面太阳能蒸发 

分 类 号：TQ352.9[化学工程]