中国奇迹何以发生:基于政治经济学解释框架  

Why the Chinese Miracle Happens:An Explanation under the Framework of Political Economy

作　　者：周文[1,2] 李超 ZHOU Wen;LI Chao(Fudan University,Shanghai,China;Shanxi University of Finance and Economics,Taiyuan,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义研究院、马克思主义经济学中国化研究中心 [2]厦门大学经济学院 [3]山西财经大学马克思主义学院,030006

出　　处：《经济学动态》2022年第11期27-38,共12页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：中信改革发展基金“新发展格局的政治经济学”(G2007)。

摘　　要：目前经济学理论在解释近代中国何以落后于西方的原因时,普遍存在一种西方中心论的典型思维:欧洲首创了自由市场制度并开始限制政府管制,因而近代西方才脱颖而出并成为工业化经济的策源地;与此相反,正是由于受到政府的过度管制,市场经济不够自由与发达,中国这一有着5000年绵延历史的文明古国在近代失去了曾经的辉煌。但是,这一逻辑是值得商榷的,历史的真相也许并非如此。研究发现,不仅自由主义经济学所提出的市场自律原则缺乏理论依据,而且西方世界的崛起也并非是市场化的结果,市场化程度不足更不是近代中国落后的原因。现在来看,新中国成立70多年来特别是改革开放40多年的伟大成功实践,并非完全市场化的结果,而是得益于走出自由市场的丛林,始终坚持市场与政府关系的辩证法和有机结合,从而破解了市场与政府关系的经济学世界性难题。因此,中国经济奇迹所展示的正是对新自由主义市场和政府关系理论的批判性重构,更预示着所蕴含的崭新的中国经济学雏形。When current economic theories try to interpret the reasons for China’s lagging behind the West in modern times,there is a typical thinking of West-centrism.Some European countries pioneered the free market system,began to limit government regulation and became the cradle of the industrialized economy.On the contrary,it is precisely because of the excessive government control as well as the insufficient freedom and development of the market economy,China has lost its former glory in modern times.However,the truth of history may not be the case.Studies have found that not only the principles of market self-discipline proposed by liberal economics lack theoretical basis,but also the rise of the Western world is not the result of marketization.Meanwhile,the great practice in the past 70 years,especially the reform and opening up in the past 40 years,was not the result of complete marketization,but benefited from getting rid of the superstition of the free market.Based on the above analysis,China’s economic miracle shows the critical reconstruction of the Neo-Liberalism theory on the relationship between the market and the government,and it also indicates the embryonic form of Chinese economics.

关 键 词：中国奇迹 政治经济学 自由主义经济学 社会主义市场经济 政府与市场关系 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]