企业迁移的减排效应——兼论“污染天堂假说”与“波特假说”  

The Emission Reduction Effect of Firm Relocation——With Discussions on the Pollution Heaven Hypothesis and Porter Hypothesis

作　　者：蔡宏波[1] 韩金镕 钟腾龙 CAI Hongbo;HAN Jinrong;ZHONG Tenglong(Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China;Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,100875 [2]中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院,102206

出　　处：《经济学动态》2022年第11期90-106,共17页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“贸易伙伴、商品结构与环境污染”(72073013);国家自然科学基金青年项目“进口竞争、成本加成与贸易利得:基于多产品企业的理论、机制与经验研究”(71903003);国家社会科学基金重大项目“开放经济安全监测预警和综合评估研究”(21&ZD086)。

摘　　要：本文结合中国工业企业数据库和中国企业污染排放数据库,构建多期双重差分模型实证检验企业迁移对污染排放的影响和作用机制。研究发现,企业迁移显著降低了以二氧化硫为代表的各类污染物的排放水平。机制检验表明:一方面,企业迁往低环境规制地区可能会扩大污染排放,符合“污染天堂假说”;另一方面,企业迁移的技术升级效应会导致污染排放降低,且迁往高环境规制地区的企业技术升级效应更明显,符合“波特假说”。进一步讨论发现,地方政府发展目标不同,对企业迁移环境效应的调节作用也会有所差异。此外,企业迁移的环境效应也表现出迁移类型、所有制、行业及地区异质性。本文为解释中国的污染排放问题提供了新视角,对于深入推进环境污染防治、实现经济高质量发展具有政策启示。Based on China’s Industrial Enterprise Database and Enterprise Pollution Database,this paper constructs a time-varying difference-in-differences model to empirically test the impact of firm relocation on pollution emission.The results show that firm relocation significantly reduces the emission level of various pollutants represented by sulfur dioxide.We then explore the underlying mechanisms and find that,on the one hand,when enterprises move to areas with lower levels of environmental regulation,they may expand pollution emissions,which is in line with the“Pollution Heaven Hypothesis”.On the other hand,the technology upgrading effect of firm relocation will reduce pollution emissions,and this effect is more obvious when firms move to areas with higher levels of environmental regulation,which verifies the“Porter Hypothesis”.Further discussion finds that different goals of local governments have different regulatory effects on the outcome of firm relocation.The environmental effects of firm relocation are also heterogeneous by immigration types,enterprise types,industry types and different regions.This study provides a new perspective to explain China’s pollution emissions,and has policy enlightenment for further promoting pollution prevention and realizing high-quality economic development.

关 键 词：企业迁移 污染排放 环境规制 技术升级 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F425[经济管理—产业经济]